Eriksons’s Psychosocial Theory Essay -- trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs

Janice has led a full life she has had many different kinds of experiences and had to take aim many roles. In order to better understand how the current status of Janice would be the disengagement possibility. There have been many events that have impact Janices ability to be involved in the community around her. Some of the events that have caused this would be her first marriage, depression, her physical health and the deaths of her family members. Using theories Of Eriksons theory of the stages of development, Maslows Hierarchy of needs and the strengths perspective. The impact of these events on Janices life can be seen. Along with looking at events that have had an impact in Jancies life, there have also been relationships that compete a role. Those relationships can be with family or just social interactions gained from groups or employment.If a persons needs are not met it is hard to function well and see life positively, One theory that helps with discovering how someone s ees their life is Eriksonss Psychosocial Theory. The theory has several(prenominal) stages that happen at different points through life, some people may experience them differently but the process is still present. The stages are trust vs mistrust, self-sufficiency versus shame and doubt, Initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation and generatively versus stagnation. Each of these had a profound impact on Janices life and played a role in how she sees herself. During Janices early years were positive and she had a good set of parents who cared for her giving her a good start for life. She was capable to grow and learn and gained the necessary independence, learning how to do things for herself. In her life... ...tate and self-management of widows. Nursing & Health Sciences, 14(1), 109-120. doi10.1111/j.1442-2018.2011.00656.xMcDonald, P. W., & Dickerson, S. (2013). Engendering Independence While Living With Purpos e Womens Lives After going away Abusive Intimate Partners. Journal Of Nursing Scholarship, 45(4), 388-396. doi10.1111/jnu.12044Song, L., & Shih, C. (2010). Recovery from partner abuse the application of the strengths perspective. International Journal Of Social Welfare, 19(1), 23-32. doi10.1111/j.1468-2397.2008.00632.xThielke, S., Harniss, M., Thompson, H., Patel, S., Demiris, G., & Johnson, K. (2012). Maslows Hierarchy of clement Needs and the Adoption of Health-Related Technologies for Older Adults. Ageing International, 37(4), 470-488. doi10.1007/s12126-011-9121-4Zastrow, C., & Kirst-Ashman, K. (2013). Understanding human behavior in the social enviroment.

W.H. Audens Musee des Beaux Arts and Pieter Bruegels The Fall of Icar

W.H. Audens Musee des Beaux humanities and Pieter Bruegels The Fall of IcarusW.H. Auden and Pieter Bruegel were both keen observers of the ordinary. In Bruegels pic The Fall of Icarus, he is able to look past the calamity of the death of Icarus and focus on the simple scene surrounding the event. Audens poem, Musee des Beaux Arts, has the same qualities it glazes over the nature of tragedy, and chooses to instead examine the fact that life goes on while disaster occurs. Arthur F. Kinney highlights this idea of calm in the face of tragedy in a critical essay entitled Auden, Bruegel, and Musee des Beaux Arts. Kinney explores Audens inspiration for the theme of the poem. The theme, Kinney explains, is not merely generated by The Fall of Icarus, only also deuce other Bruegel pieces. The Numbering at Bethlehem portays Joseph and Mary arriving at Bethlehem, while The Massacre of the Innocents shows a torturer and his horse in a town square. both(prenominal) pieces convey the same main theme as Musee des Beaux Arts the complex nature of a substantial event, contrasted with the simplicity of every day life. to each one of the paintings reflects on human nature, in the context of apathy amidst tragedy. In his critical article Auden, Bruegel, and Musee des Beaux Arts Kinney asserts that the same statement is made by two art forms, and that Bruegels painting and the poem it inspired, Musee des Beaux Arts, juxtapose the unique and the commonplace. The Fall of Icarus, the only one of Bruegels paintings mentioned by name in Audens Musee des Beaux Arts, concludes the final octet of the poem. The plowman in the foreground, not the splashing legs of Icarus, is what the canvas is centered on. Bruegels focus on the sim... ... full treatment CitedBible, King James Version. Luke 1-5. 12 Dec. 2005 . Auden, W. H. Musee Des Beaux Arts The Longman Anthology. Ed. David Damrosch. New York Longman, 2003. 2789-2790.Daedalus in Greek Mythology. Mythography The Legend of Daedel us in Myth and Art. Loggia. 12 Dec. 2005 . Kinney, Arthur F. Auden, Bruegel, and Musee des Beaux Arts 7 529-531. EBSCOhost. homer Babbidge Library, Storrs. 11 Dec. 2005. Keywords Auden + Musee Des Beaux Arts. Musee des Beaux Arts. 2003. Poetry Pages. 12 Dec. 2005 . Pieter, Bruegel. The Fall of Icarus. Musee des Beaux Arts. Pieter Bruegel Oil Paintings. 12 Dec. 2005 .Pieter, Bruegel. The Massacre of Innocents. Musee des Beaux Arts. Pieter Bruegel Oil Paintings. 12 Dec. 2005 .Pieter, Bruegel. The Numbering at Bethlehem. Musee des Beaux Arts. Pieter Bruegel Oil Paintings. 12 Dec. 2005 .

Norma Rae Essay -- Capitalism Governmental Essays

Norma Rae In the film Norma Rae, the textile workers were unsatisfied with many aspects of their Capitalistic work environment. They fought to form a union so that they could permute the undesirable characteristics to better meet their needs. Political, environmental and cultural processes all played a part in the workers struggle to form an effective union. Unlike the film, Matewan, in which the coal miners worked under feudal control, the employees of the O.P. Henley Mill worked amidst a Capitalistic Economy. The key difference between the two, is that the inhabitants of the town of Matewan did not have other choices of employment and the characters in Norma Rae had the ability to go into the free labor market and be active participants, choosing who they wished to work for. Throughout the film there was evidence of other forms of employment in Henleyville. There were vocations in town that required a higher degree of education that the workers in the mill may have received, a schoolteacher or a police officer for example. However, there were various other jobs in town did not require as much training. Some of these other job opportunities included working at the motel or in the local restaurants or bars as a waiter, a waitress, or a bartender. There were attendants at the gas station and workers at the grocery and convenience stores. In addition to these other choices of employment there was also a different economic schema that the workers could have chosen to be a part of. Self Employment existed in Henleyville. When Norma Rae is talking to Sonny Webster, before they went out on a date, they reminisced near when they were younger. You used to come into my Mamas bakery, be remembered. The ... ...to promote the union without being fired. He explained that she could wear buttons on her shirt, hand out fliers during breaks and other extra freedoms. Eventually, the workers set aside their inhabitations and voted 3 73 to 427 in favor of the union. When asked, What are you gonna do now? Norma Rae said, live what else? The question that the workers at the O.P. Henley Mill were faced with was not, where to work. They had the freedom to choose their employer. The hands learned that they did not need to be trapped in an insufficient working environment and that by forming a union they could manipulate the parameters set by the Mill Company, to meet their requests. Works Cited West, Andrew. Capitalism.org West, Andrew. Capitalism.org

Persepolis: Changing Western Perceptions of Muslim Women Essay

Marjane Satrapis graphic novel, Persepolis, makes important strides toward altering how Western audiences comprehend Iranian women. Satrapi endeavors to display the intersection of the lives of some Westerners with her life as an Iranian, who spent some time in the West. Satrapi, dissatisfied with representations she saw of Iranian women in France, obdurate to challenge them. In her words, From the time I came to France in 1994, I was always telling stories about life in Iran to my friends. Wed see pieces about Iran on television, but they didnt represent my experience at all. I had to keep saying, No, its not like that there. Ive been justifying why it isnt negative to be an Iranian for almost twenty years. How strange when it isnt something I did or chose to be? (Satrapi, Why I Wrote Persepolis 10). In acknowledging both Eastern and Western feminism, Satrapis novel humanizes the female Iranian perspective in a way that can easily digested by Western audiences. This novel acts as an autoethnographic text, a depot coined by Mary Louise Pratt, in which Persepolis acts as a text in which people undertake to describe themselves in ways that engage with representations others have do of them (Pratt 35). This novel, which depicts her life so far, demonstrates a mastery of the spaces of representation. As one theorist has argued, In discussing Persepolis in relation to the theme of women and space, we will draw upon a manikin suggested by Pollock for reading the work of women artistsPollock refers to three spatial registers first, the locations represented by the work (and, in particular, the division between public and close space) second, the spatial order within the work itself (concerning, for example, angl... ... and changed Western perceptions in doing so. Works CitedGkarksel, Banu and Anna Secor. The Veil, Desire, and the Gaze Turning the Inside Out. Signs, 40, 1 (Autumn 2014) 177-200. Miller, Ann. Marjane Satrapis Persepolis Eluding the Frames. Johns H opkins University call LEspirit Createur, Vol. 51, No. 1, Spring 2011 38-52. Nnaemeka, Obioma. NegoFeminism Theorizing, Practicing, and Pruning Africas Way. Signs, Vol. 29, No. 2, Winter 2004, 357-385. Online. Satrapi, Marjane. The Complete Perspolis. New York Pantheon Books, 2004. Print Satrapi, Marjane. Why I wrote Persepolis a in writing(p) novel memoir writer Marjane Satrapi faced the challenges of life in post-revolutionary Iran. She used the graphic novel format to tell her unique story. Marjane Satrapi. Writing, Nov-Dec, 2003, Vol.. 26(3), p. 9(5) Cengage Learning Inc.

The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman :: play, marxism,

Throughout the play The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman, the influence of Marxism is commonly displayed. The Hubbards atomic number 18 portrayed as constantly going against the social conforms that would be set in a bolshie society. They each pursue wealth or a social status. For what they covet, they go above and beyond to obtain. In the process they hurt other people. They each sacrifice their integrity to gain this wealth and status. Hellmans gloss highlights the opposition of Marxism that is portrayed in the play. The title of the play comes from the bible. In that portion referred to it states that the foxes, which are represented by the Hubbards, will destroy the glory of the new south because their greed for power is so great. (Watson 173). The Hubbards all destroy each other for money. They want to build a cotton factory where costs are cheep and they make a lot of profit. However, to achieve this they have to step on many people toes and exploit workers (Hellman 159). R eginas determination to gain wealth was unwavering. She let her husband choke off because he was not going to report her brothers for stealing his bonds. Regina then turns on her brothers and demands a greater percentage of the money since she potful destroy them because they stole Horaces bonds. To Regina, money means freedom to escape and go to the south where social standing is measured by the cloths and jewelry you have. This is against Marxist society because Marxists believe that everyone should be equal in money and standing (Hamilton 172). Regina wants to go to Chicago and Paris but in the process she lets her husband die and looses the love of Alexandra (Galens 165). She now has the option to have the bright, flamboyant social life she wanted but she can only have it alone now.Ben Hubbard has cheated and manipulated to gain his wealth. In the play Regina states that Ben has cheated so many men to get where he is now that his reputation is ruined around the area. Ben has no need for money he finally wants to remain childless and wifeless. Thus, his desire for money is solely for a capitalist purpose. He is only interested in build his imperium (Hamilton 172). To build his empire he needs to land a deal with Marshall. To do so he tries to make a big point of how much better his find rules Birdys familys plantation and the differences between old southern aristocracy and new one.

The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman :: play, marxism,

Throughout the play The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman, the influence of Marxism is commonly displayed. The Hubbards are portrayed as constantly passing game against the affable conforms that would be set in a Marxist society. They each pursue wealth or a social status. For what they covet, they go above and beyond to obtain. In the treat they hurt other people. They each sacrifice their integrity to gain this wealth and status. Hellmans title highlights the opposition of Marxism that is portrayed in the play. The title of the play comes from the bible. In that portion referred to it states that the foxes, which are represented by the Hubbards, will write down the glory of the new south because their greed for power is so great. (Watson 173). The Hubbards all destroy each other for funds. They want to build a cotton factory where costs are cheep and they make a lot of profit. However, to achieve this they view to step on many people toes and exploit workers (Hellman 159). Reg inas determination to gain wealth was unwavering. She let her husband die because he was not going to report her brothers for stealing his bonds. Regina then turns on her brothers and demands a greater percentage of the money since she can destroy them because they stole Horaces bonds. To Regina, money means license to escape and go to the south where social standing is measured by the cloths and jewelry you have. This is against Marxist society because Marxists believe that everyone should be equal in money and standing (Hamilton 172). Regina wants to go to Chicago and Paris but in the process she lets her husband die and looses the love of Alexandra (Galens 165). She now has the option to have the bright, flamboyant social life she wanted but she can only have it alone now.Ben Hubbard has cheated and manipulated to gain his wealth. In the play Regina states that Ben has cheated so many men to get where he is now that his reputation is ruined around the area. Ben has no need for money he ultimately wants to remain childless and wifeless. Thus, his desire for money is solely for a capitalist purpose. He is only interested in build his empire (Hamilton 172). To build his empire he needs to land a deal with Marshall. To do so he tries to make a big point of how much better his father rules Birdys familys plantation and the differences between old southerly aristocracy and new one.

Marketing Concepts Essay

Therefore the customer wins and so does nokia, as nokia once again are satisfying the need of support their customers request andIn Conclusion, Marketing isnt unspoiled a posh hear for selling in fact selling is part of the merchandising component. It is the branch of communication selling is the delivery of a growth to the potential customer, converting them into actual customers.Whilst it can be assumed that marketing is a posh name for selling, the difference that separates both areas is evident through simple translation and actual process. In order to sell, the consumer must want, need and afford the product, therefore without the process of research, development and catering to the consumers needs, (Marketing) Selling would not be as profitable. An system that fails to provide marketing testament allow itself to be a business that is hoping to simply sell its products by having it available, assuming the consumers will purchase its product.Whereas an organisation that adapts the marketing concept, caters for the consumers wants, needs, price range, customer service, through the research of its objective and the development of these objectives, along with achieving the business goals of the calculated profit it Intends to make prior sale. Using the theoretical account of Nokia, it is clearly evident that an organisation can only obtain worldwide success through the power of marketing.Should Nokia simply release products to a store without communicating with its consumers, the organisation would be no better off than a market stall that is attempting to Sell its products. Instead, Nokia markets its stakes and as a result has successfully pre sold its brand with complete knowledge of its consumers wants and needs. For example Nokia markets and provides products for its Personal and Business consumers where as an organisation selling phones, would simply have a range for sale.Finally, marketing is the process of identifying a need and communicating a message relating to satisfaction of the need through a product to its customer. The marketing process informs the market of who you are and what you do, whilst the gross sales process begins when a formal offer for services has been made, and concludes when the offer is accepted or rejected. In Conclusion, Marketing isnt just a posh name for selling in fact selling is part of the marketing component. An organisation can improve its marketing activities through implementing the marketing concept as this will* Develop key competencies of knowledge, experience, commitment and communications* Develop strategies through overcoming areas of weakness or threats by competitors through understanding the needs/wants of their customers* Maintain the organisations vision, focus is polar for the development of objectives and the achievement of these objectives* Allows an organisation to Define, Develop and Deliver Customer Value which in turn will create greater customer loyalty jumper lea d to profit creation

Ethics †End of Life Choice Essay

Being a member of the hospital Ethics Committee, it is my responsibility to make policy recommendations on end-of- smell issues. Due to my ground and reputation as a clear thinker, my ideas on this matter carry a lot of weight with the other members of the committee. Within this theme I get out make a strong and convincing case for my position and recommendations on this topic. This paper w vertiginous address the following question What, if anything, should be done to dish up people who are dying?First I moldiness start off with the obvious question Is the enduring an adult of 18 years or older who is lastly ill and of clear and sound mind to authorize assisted death intervention? If the answer is yes, then we should follow the wishes of the patient. Ultimately, it is their body their flavor and they should have the secure to choose. That being said, I do believe that guidelines should be established and followed in order to assure that the welfare of the patient is the onl y priority. much(prenominal) guidelines should be made that reflect the three states that currently have natural laws in place for assisted death, which are, Oregon, Washington, and Montana. The law should include but not limited to, a capable adult who has been diagnosed, by a physician, with a terminal illness that will kill the patient within six months whitethorn supplicate in writing, from his or her physician, a prescription for a lethal dose of medication for the purpose of ending the patients life. Exercise of the option under this law is voluntary and the patient must initiate the request.Any physician, pharmacist or healthcare provider who has moral objections may refuse to participate. The request must be confirmed by two witnesses, at least one of whom is not related to the patient, is not entitled to any portion of the patients estate, is not the patients physician, and is not employed by a health care facility caring for the patient. After the request is made, another physician must examine the patients medical examination records and confirm the diagnosis. The patient must be determined to be free of a mental condition impairing judgment.If the request is authorized, the patient must wait at least thirty days and make a second oral request before the prescription may be written. The patient has a right to rescind the request at any time. Should every physician have concerns about the patients king to make an informed decision, or feel the patients request may be motivated by depression or coercion, the patient must be referred for a psychological evaluation. The law protects doctors from liability for providing a lethal prescription for a terminally ill, competent adult in compliance with the politys restrictions.Participation by physicians, pharmacists, and health care providers is voluntary. The law should also specify a patients decision to end his or her life shall not have an effect upon a life, health, or accident insurance or annuity policy. These physician assisted suicide guidelines are within the decease with Dignity Act. The Death with Dignity Act is the philosophical concept that a terminally ill patient should be allowed to die naturally and comfortably, rather than beget a comatose, vegetative life prolonged by mechanical support systems.Currently there are two ways of assisted suicide, one is when the patient is given a prescription medication of a fatal dose that will cause them the loose consciousness and die shortly after. The other, which is not reasoned in the United States, is known as Active Euthanasia which is a type of mercy killing in which a person who is undergoing intense suffering, and who has no working believe of recovery is pee-peed to death. It is also known as mercy killing.Generally, a physician performs active euthanasia and carries out the final-death causing act. Active euthanasia is performed entirely voluntarily, without any reservation, external persuasion, or duress, an d after prolonged and thorough deliberation. A patient undertaking active euthanasia gives full consent to the medical procedure and chooses direct injection, to be administered by a competent medical professional, in order to end with certainty any intolerable and hopelessly incurable suffering.My second question Is the patient an adult of 18 years or older who is suffering? In rare cases some(prenominal) patients who are very ill do not respond to pain medications or may be suffering in other ways that make comfort impossible. In these hatful there is a last resort therapy that can be used terminal sedation. With terminal sedation, a patient will be given medications that induce sleep or unconsciousness until such time as death occurs as a result of the underlying illness or disease.The intention with terminal sedation must be to relieve suffering only, not to cause death. These measures are very much accompanied by the withholding of artificial life supports similar intraveno us feeding and artificial respiration. * * Also, the physician may use medications that cause a double affect. This has been defined in medical journals as the administration of opioids or sedative drugs with the expressed purpose of relieving pain and suffering in a dying patient.The unintended consequence may be that these medications might cause either respiratory depression or in extreme sedation, might cause to hasten a patients death. What does this mean? In the simplest terms it style that the medication required to abate suffering cannot be given without the probable result of hastening death. While this may sound vague and quasi-discomforting, it is a legal, medically accepted practice, as long as the intention is only to relieve suffering and not cause death.The death is attributed to the disease or complications of the disease, combined in some circumstances with the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments such as intravenous liquids, nutrition, and artificial respira tion. While the patient need not be unconscious during this process, unconsciousness is often the result. * * The last question I ask is in cases when a minor, a person under the age of 18, is either terminally ill or suffering, who has the right to make the final decisions, the parents/legal guardians, the state, or the patient?I believe that all three need to have a united decision. If one or more of the three votes differ, then neither intervention stated above may be used. These policy recommendations I have stated within this paper regarding end-of-life issues have been explained thoroughly and in detail. I have successfully made a strong and convincing case for my position and recommendations on this topic. I hope that the members of this Ethics Committee agree with my findings and support my recommendations and that my reputation as a clear and trustworthy thinking member is evident.

Reading the poem Essay

In his verse mortification Betjeman aims a number of ways to put across his views. The cognomen itself suggests he feels that mortification is an appropriate title, that a numbers on the place deserves no better or imaginative title than just its name because the place is dull and unimaginative also, or that Slough says it in all already.The first decline of the first stanza means you immediately know what he ventures, his opinion being straight to the point, asking Come, friendly bombs, and fall on Slough which is a good use of juxtaposition as bombs be never seen as friendly, but in this case they would be if they bombed Slough as they would be doing him a favour. Asking for bombs to fall on Slough is an outrageous, extreme convey which he repeats in the second stanza and in the final stanza to reinforce his plea, and he also uses other extreme terms such as the people defend Slough having tasted Hell which shows clear dislike.He is very flippant about asking the bomb s to blow Slough to smithereens as if he wants no part of it left-hand(a) and its a reasonable demand. Betjemans phrases such as Its not their fault that they are mad, they do not know and they often go makes it sound like he feels the people of Slough are alienated and are very different to himself, as if they were another species altogether, calling them they, disassociating them from himself, and being patronising about their lives.He also conveys his attitude of Slough by describing what he thinks of the people that live there such as the man with the dual chin who will always cheat and always win and who he also refers to as a stinking cad. He is not eulogistic about the people of Slough, like the wives with peroxide hair and the men who sit in bogus Tudor bars with nothing better to do. His descriptions of the people help oneself explain why he dislikes Slough, and he is saying that it may be the people who live there that help to make it a bad place, so this is a view he has of Slough.But he also pities the people , saying its not their fault so I think he is unsure himself whether it is the people making Slough a terrible place, or Slough making the people terrible. Either way, he subtly ridicules the people of Slough and their ways of life as he feels the wives sit and paint their nails and the men talk of cars andbelch. Betjeman makes use of repetition such as the first line Come, friendly bombs and, in the second stanza Tinned fruit, tinned meatAs repetition is a way of reinforcing and strengthening a statement or opinion. make everything from the food to the minds and breath tinned makes it sound like the people of Slough are all the same and are dull and lifeless. He also uses head rhyme in the form of cabbages are coming and grass to graze which help the lines to flow easily. He uses negative words clusters such as Hell, raunchy, stinking and dirty which show his view of Slough with hygienic words that appeal to the senses and the imagin ation of the reader.The tone of the poem is one of dislike, where Betjeman cares so little for Slough that he would cheerfully see it bombed and destroyed. This is a strong image because it must take extreme dislike for someone to want something bombed. The rhyme scheme of the poem also reveals his views because the pattern is AAAB so the first three lines of severally stanza flow easily and quickly, and rhyme so the poem seems almost cheerful and happy.But the destruction line of each stanza is apply to put across his point in a harsh phrase such as Theyve tasted Hell and Swarm over, death which brings the flowing stanza to an abrupt, harsher sounder end like death, tears, Hell and yell. The majority of the stanzas finish at the end of a sentence and this is used to make strong end statements, then the next stanza will begin again in the slightly humorous tone, ridiculing Slough.The rhythm of the first three lines of each stanza is fast and light, but the rhythm is broken by t he abrupt end of each stanza which breaks up the flow to remind the reader of what Slough is like. The rhythm of the poem is also Iambic Pentameter which means that Betjeman has used this to make the stresses of each line land on important words such as bombs, blow and kitty so these words are emphasised when reading the poem, and stand out so they are noticed more.Betjeman uses certain phrases to imply that Slough is a fake, construct place because of the air-conditioned, bright canteens, the bogus Tudor bars and the synthetic air. He seems to hate the fact that Slough is a place that has been built up with labour-saving homes and has ruined the land so much that There isnt grass to graze a cow meaning they have built over all the land and ruined the landscape.In the final stanza, he wants to bomb Slough again so that it can be turned back into a dainty place again where they can grow food and make use of the land, rather than wasting it like it is being misused now. He claims th e people are false and materialistic as they do not know the birdsong from the radio and darent look up and see the stars because birdsong and stars are cardinal of the beauties of nature that the people of Slough couldnt possibly appreciate, in Betjemans opinion.Betjeman uses irony in his poem as he describes the polished oak desk belong to the man with double chin and I think Betjeman has mentioned this because he feels that the land that was there before, has now been destroyed, with the trees all being cut down to make direction for the buildings, and as if this wasnt bad enough, the trees have been used to make the desks for the people who are responsible for ruining Slough which he sees as sadly ironic. star of Betjemans key phrases is It isnt fit for humans now which is a strong statement about the state of the place but also the use of the word now at the end suggests how he feels Slough was not always like this and it has slowly been ruined over the years. In this way, I think the poem is tinged with sadness as he feels it has been ruined to the point where there is no way to solve it but to destroy it which is a very emotive, strong view. I think you can sum up Betjemans view of Slough by the line repeated at the beginning and end of the poem Come, friendly bombs, and fall on Slough.

Implementation Of The Scalable And Agile Lifecycle Security For Applications (SALSA)

SALSA spewwork is a revised version of protection approaches that were previously implemented in celebrateion of credential defects within web employments. In this case, SALSA mannikin forget be implemented in monitoring of firing vectors that hinder appropriate industriousness of operations. Further, ways in which stable situation of lotion scheme can be maintained after attack allow for be discussed. A system known as alter build has a great influence in SALSA frameworks operations since it occupys a continuous radiation diagram once atomic number 18as with attack vectors ar fixed.There are also a couple of benefits that SALSA framework is recognized to possess which are mainly based on its overall effectiveness in monitoring attack vectors. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCALABLE AND AGILE LIFECYCLE SECURITY FOR APPLICATIONS (SALSA) Introduction SALSA is an approach that has the capability of checking attack vectors as salubrious as keeping them by means of their cycle o f development. SALSA approach is produced from the combined effort of two information technology organizations SANS and the different Intrinsic Security.The design of SALSA is similar to development methodology that is already in existence. This contributes to its efficiency since minimal guidance is needed in array to operate it, as its implementation is very interactive. SALSA implementation can be carried out in conjunction with several other aegis tools in order to bring desirable results. In comparison to SDL, which is almost similar security approach that mitigates security errors within lifecycles of Web applications, SALSA is different as it provides more security practices.These additional practices are cost effective which enables them to be used in all lifecycle areas including development. SALSA frame facilitates solutions that are measurable as well as automatic and has the capability of organism incorporated in development software that already exist in an organizat ion. However, SALSA application is not aimed at taking the place of organizations methodologies but to influence the way organizations make considerations of security within the applications environments as well as their management. Cockbum, 2008) Scalable and Agile Lifecycle Security for Applications (SALSA) Framework to Assist In Monitoring Attack Vectors on Applications Attack vectors constitute all application interfaces that are exposed which have shown need for continuous monitoring in order to protect them from being attacked. When attack vectors are not up participationd and managed accordingly, they are normally endanger by security threats that are constantly evolving due to great technological advancements.Attack applications that are already exposed have the possibility of being pissed with security threats directing computers connected with internet to dangerous sites known as malware. The process can also follow a reverse direction where malware whitethorn be directed to those computers connected to internet. This is dangerous to applications since they result become susceptible to defects which are discovered by end users. This is likely to affect the trust that a user may have previously developed towards a certain organizations applications. (SALSA, 2009)In the present situation a technique that analyses attack surfaces and is recommended by SALSA will be applied regularly in order to enable uncovering of security threats during applications. This will form the first step which will be undertaken by developers as they carry out planning process in the course of application lifecycle. The checklist used will portray all score practices that have any relevance to attack vectors attraction, which will be banned. They will be replaced by best practices including standard directory for this particular application whose applications are being managed as well as updated.Design documents will also undergo some adjustments where the name of a custome r will be needed to follow his/her security number as part of application elaborate, which is contrary to previous situations where only security number is requested. This will provide more identity expatiate for applicants, which will make it easy to identify bastinado sources. Since design frame fails to provide appropriate opportunities to enable automation, security checklists that make use of standard baseline will be of great importance.It will address this inefficiency by including some additional rules in the process. These rules point out that it is not necessary to provide excellent info in ones records such as numbers of social security as their provision may expose the data out of the blue to parties that were not supposed to have its access. Another additional rule that will be included in automated security checklist is that applicants who must give details of their security numbers should consider encrypting when storing them in databases in order to avoid po ssible accidental exposure.In case security defects are detected in particular application phases, SALSA will encourage developers to conduct a follow of design being implemented as well as its definition. Threat modeling, which is naturalized in SALSA framework, will be conducted after some time in order to arrange application items in order of priority in hurt of the ones that need warm fixing and those requiring a later fixture. (Howard, 2009) After worst practices are detected and banned, the appropriate ones will take their place within applications.This is because it is the worst ones that act as vector attack sources and when monitoring using checklist is conducted leading to their removal, it will eventually reduce their attack vectors. Once appropriate security practices that do not show susceptibility to vector attacks are put in place, they need to be maintained such that they are kept up to date all through applications development cycle. Their maintenance will avoid cases of consequent attacks, which will involve identification of new practices that will appear during applications and are authorised to avoidance of attack vectors.The practice of analyzing attack surfaces will be integrated as one of design tasks within application design phases. Each phase within application lifecycle will have distinct security checklists, which will be incorporated in the maintenance and updating process. This will enable logical checks for every interaction which is contrary to what takes place in SDL where securing checking is conducted on occasional basis. (Chess, 2007) Fixing of appropriate practices, that are not susceptible to attack vectors within application lifecycle will be followed by integrating of the same security practices within automatic version of checklist.This will necessitate improvement of security of software in use where automated checking will be applied to both intra and extranets that comprise of sensitive data. An automated sys tem will be able to conduct security checks for attack vectors automatically throughout application development. This process will continue as a routine during the entire lifecycle of this application. The practice of automated build will constitute several elements including limits of both complexity as well as metric measures. Several utilities included in the application softwares codebase will have a likelihood of producing metrics such as JavaNCSS.Other types of utilities like complexity number of Cyclomatic will be capable of producing complexity estimates of application software modules in use. These two measurements are of great importance to managers of this particular application project since they will be able to know when design review is required. For instance, in a case when software modules portrays high ratings of complexity. This is because the more complex a module for checking attack vectors is, the more difficult its maintenance process becomes. complexity will result to a situation where accidental security errors will occur to coding during application development.These assessments will undergo automation in order that alerts are generated at the instance a module is found to exceed appropriate levels at which checking for attack vectors will be conducted. This will call for an immediate review of applications design before complexity situation leads to a break down of the entire application. (SANS, 2009) Another constituting element of automated system will be code analysis which will also be in automated form. This involves analyses of codes from application sources using different languages in order to detect some errors whose failure to detection will cause adverse security implications.This kind of analyses is essential since once the distinct tools are identified in heterogeneous languages, it becomes easier to apply them in application of automated system where attack vectors are checked. This will in turn reduce attack vectors a nd also improve overall quality of codes used in attack vector detection practice. Unit examination that is also automated will follow the analyses of automated code. This will necessitate a situation where automatic tests will be performed on areas where worst practices that have attack vectors are replaced with appropriate practices to avoid consequent attacks.This practice of testing will be conducted automatically since it is clear that consequent attack vectors are capable of causing security consequences that are unintended. These security consequences may involve data exposure in cases when application modules have already crashed. In cases where such attack vectors will be encountered, their attack surfaces will be replaced after which automated tests will be created to avoid similar breakdowns in future. Automated system also comprises of automated packaging, which will assist in configuration of entire application system.Automation of packaging practice will mitigate the n umber of human errors that may introduce attack vectors within application systems during its actual installation time. The practice of automated packaging will sum up implementation of SALSA framework in monitoring of attack vectors. (Howard, 2009) Benefits of the SALSA Framework SALSA framework that is normally based on a unique element known as automated build has a number of benefits which are also taken as its advantages over other approaches that were implemented in almost similar applications previously.Among its benefits is a situation where it has the capability of overcoming scalability challenges which requires automated build. The continuous protection provided by SALSA framework results to sustainable security that is tended to(p) by improvement of application system quality. Costs incurred in fixing software once it has broken down due defects such as those caused by attack vectors are trim back considerably since consistent checks are conducted to ensure that the sy stem does not break down.Integration costs are also reduced a great deal since SALSA framework is made available in an already integrated form which do not need additional integration for it to work. SALSA framework reduces the possibility of human error occurring within lifecycle of applications for attack vector monitoring. Efforts required in actual verification of security standards as well as reduction of security defects like attack vectors, are also reduced. All these benefits of SALSA framework give it preference above other approaches in security applications. (Howard, 2009) proofIt is clear that SALSA framework is a very effective and efficient approach that is applied in various security applications for websites. The main objective under which SALSA framework operates is continuous checking of security defects like the one under study. SALSA framework will be expected to give very good results in checking of attack vectors as well as maintenance of a situation that is f ree from attack vectors. The various elements of automated build will have a great part towards attainment if this situation as they will ensure a consistent operation throughout the lifecycle of this particular application. (Chess, 2007)

Head Girl Speech

Today Ill speak about Some of the reasons for which I believe are the reasons for me to be the head girl. Now, go away you want a Head girl who is not enthusiastic or dull not taking an interest in making our school make up its best. No, none of them will like. I believe our school is like a tree we are all different parts of this tree, for example The teachers are like the roots, which supplement us with knowledge and help us to grow. If I was Head Girl, I would be like the manure which the gardener spreads to enrich the ground, vindicatory that little added extra can make a big difference.I realise that, macrocosm Head Girl isnt about being bankrupt than anyone else. Its about having the trust of the student body to organise and epitomize them with honesty and enthusiasm, whenever called upon. If I was chosen as Head Girl, I would want to represent you, as well as inspire you. Im friendly and approachable, so if anything is troubling you about school life, or if you have a really good idea, you wont need to keep it to yourself. I want the students voice, thats your voice, heard at IHS. I know being Head girl is a big responsibility.If given the opportunity, I would take that responsibility seriously, and be a respectable role model for all particularly the younger ones of our school. As a team leader, I would want to encourage all of them to e at their best. A challenge and team work twain these I do enjoy and I see this as essential to be Head Girl. To pay back something to school is another reason. Over my succession at IHS I have taken part in many School activities and events,etc. . Now is my chance to give something back. To serve both pupils and staff is a thing Id like to do. And yes if am choosen as one I assure you that Ill put in my best efforts for my school.

Reading Important Essay

1. Reading is fundamental to function in todays society. There are many adults who cannot read well enough to understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. That is a scary thought curiously for their children. Filling out applications becomes impossible without help. Reading road or warning signs is difficult. Even next a map becomes a chore. 2. Reading is a snappy skill in finding a good job. 3. Reading develops the mind. 4. Reading is how we discover new things. 5. Reading develops the imagination. 6.Reading develops the creative side of people. 7. Reading is see in developing a good self image. Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves and their abilities. 8. Good reading skills improve spelling. 9. Ideas written follow through have changed the destiny of men and nations. 10. The power of written ideas communicated through reading is a foundational reason why some governments oppose free and honest communication. unwitting people are easier to con trol and manipulate. They cannot do their own research and thinking.They must rely on what they are told. Words are the building blocks of life. You are, right now, the conduce of words that you have heard or read and believed. What you become in the future will depend on the words you believe about yourself now. People, families, relationships, and steady nations are built from words. Think about it. Why is Writing Important? It seems like a silly question, but it is very important to be satisfactory to express yourself well. Our writings precede us, or introduce us.For example, when we apply for a job or to enroll in a school, we need to submit a resume and sometimes a cover letter, or when sending e-mails to someone we dont actually know well or havent met yet (work partners, customers, or even responding on behalf of the company you work for). If we make a bad (or illegible) impression, the outcome for us may not be favorable. unfortunate writing may cost a lot it may lead t o misunderstanding and misconstruing due to sentence structure, grammar, punctuation, and spelling problems.We need to write well for the following reasons To translate, communicate, and materialize our ideas and thoughts into accessible documents that are useful to ourselves and others To report our work in informative, concise, and professional formats Another important reason is that when writing, we are sending a core to our readers about who we are. Therefore, we need to be clear, focused, and accurate so as not to be misunderstood, underestimated, or ignored.

Miss Brill Essay

In Katherine Mansfields short story get off brill, Mansfield describes head for the hills brill as a woman who is in deep denial of her situation. Miss Brill is an elderly woman who is non aware of the distress in her feel because she doesnt want to face the reality of getting old. Miss Brill shows the personality of a woman who is vain, detached, and everywhere sensitive as she goes through her item(prenominal) Sunday in the park wearing her favorite Dear little thing fur (65). Because Miss Brill struggles to admit the reality of getting old, her void makes her thinks shes a special person and an actress in the play.Miss Brill believes she has a special seat (65) in Jardins Publiques the park where she sits every time. This particular Sunday afternoon is quite special for Miss Brill, because she has taken out her favourite fur from the box. Her little rogue (65) is like a pet setaceous its tail just by her left ear (65), and she imagines it as her companion. As Miss Brill g oes through her day on watching and listening early(a) people in the park she feeling, She had become really quite expert . . . t listening though she didnt listen, at sitting in otherwise peoples lives just for a minute while they talked round her (65). She fantasizes about reading a newspaper to an invalid gentleman snoring anyhow her, pretending to be on stage and believing she was a good actress. An actress are ye? (67) thought Miss Brill, which again shows her vanity. Although Miss Brill is a teacher and is around people in the park every Sunday, her detachment is revealed by her not making any actual contact with her patrons.She is always distant, reserved and aloof. The exactly companion she has is her fur, she laid it on her lap and stroked it (65). When the band started to play again, she thought the music was warm, sunny, yet there was just a faint chill . . . , what was it? . . . , not sadnessa something that made you want to sing? (67). Miss Brill rejects the feeli ngs of pain and loneliness detaching herself from being hurt.As Miss Brill continues her moment of delusion, her over sensitivity is apparent when a boy and a girl suddenly come to sit ext to her, she is looking forward listening to their conversation as she thought of them as a hero and a heroine, (68) but to her dismay, she hears them talking about her, calling her that stupid old thing (68), and making fun of her favourite fur Its her fu-fur . . . Its exactly like a fried whiting (68). Miss Brill is hurt and on her way home, she skips going to the bakery to bargain for her favourite treat. Instead she goes straight home, puts her fur in the box and goes into her dark, cupboard-like room. While sitting there for a long time she heard something crying, (68).Miss Brill is the one crying, yet she doesnt want to face the reality of getting old and the resemblance she has with her old fur. After every denial and rejection of her pain and loneliness, Miss Brills reality comes in a hars h way when she hears the young couple making fun of her. Finally, she allows herself to feel the pain, hurt, and loneliness for a moment. Miss Brills vanity, detachment, and over sensitivity are her weapons to hide her emotional struggle of accepting the reality of becoming a spinster.

Philosophy of mechanism Essay

Mechanism is the philosophical argument that each natural phenomenon (activity) has carnal causes that explain it. Consequently, material written reports with whom natural phenomena notify be defined in should energise their reference subjects to the state of motion, laws as well as the matter that makes its subjects. The developments of mechanism were to eliminate various materials states of unperceivable from the actual state of science. ( Miller 2002)Mechanists had the view that the nature of organisms was not far different from what composed the discerning machines like the machine that were composed of different arrangements of parts so that the internal system could adequate yield its inbuilt program. Organisms were is possession of radically and substantially well organized and formulated system of regular conduction between their different parts. (Madell, 1998)Elsewhere, materialism is the believe that matter is the only substance /thing whose existence can be prove d without any philosophical doubt. They believe that the basic composition of things is material substance, which implies that such material interactions cause various phenomenological pursuits. ( Miller 2002)Both the old (ancient) and the new (modern) sets of materialism have fundamentally final stage bargain of equality. Modern materialism is the believe that the matter can only be described aft(prenominal) an adequate system of hypothesis which can adequately help to define the material substance for its trial impression ratification. ( Miller 2002) It is the belief that the finest description of material facts should be pursuit of physical process if not their physical redaction.On the other hand, the ancient (old) materialism was in the view of the physical characteristics of a substance to in full define its material hood. However, according to the ancient materialism, a hypothesis would not quantify in delineate the scope of materiality unlike in the modern materialism we re full hypothetical analysis should be used to describe the essence of materiality. However, the two proclaim the essence of fact that material of the matter is subject to undoubted presence in describing physical outlay of such substance. (Madell, 1998)REFERENCEMadell, G. (1998) Mind and Materialism. Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press.Miller, E (2002) Questions that Matter An Invitation to philosophy,McGraw pitchers mound

Mgmt Quiz

1. While there are many routes to agonistical advantage, they all involve B. forgoing gilt- boundary lined value to buyers in ways bear upons can non readily match.2. A low- greet leader can translate its inexpensive advantage over rivals into superior profit performance by B. either using its low-cost edge to underprice competitors and attract price sensitive buyers in large enough numbers to annex sum profits or refraining from price-cutting and using the low-cost advantage to earn a bigger profit circumference on each unit sold.3. The major avenues for achieving a cost advantage over rivals include A. liminating or curbing non-essential cost-producing activities and performing essential value chain activities more cost-effectively that rivals.4. A differentiation-based competitive advantage E. oftentimes hinges on incorporating features that (1) raise the performance of the reaping or (2) lower the buyers overall costs of using the confederacys product or (3) enhance bu yer satisfaction in intangible or non-economic ways or (4) deliver value to customers by exploiting competitive capabilities that rivals cant match.5.Which of the following is not one of the pitfalls of a low-cost provider dodging? B. Using a cost-based advantage to improve the companys bargaining position with high-volume buyers6. Opportunities to differentiate a companys product go C. can exist in supply chain activities, R, manufacturing activities, distribution and shipping or marketing, sales and customer service.7. In which of the following circumstances is a strategy to be the persistences overall low-cost provider not fall aparticularly well matched to the market situation?When buyers have widely varying needs and special requirements and when the cost of switching purchases from one seller to another are relatively high.8. The objective of competitive strategy is to B. name advantage in the marketplace by giving buyers superior value relative the offerings of rival se llers.9. flourishing differentiation allows a firm to D. command a premium price for its product and/or increase unit sales and/or gain buyer loyalty to its brand.10. The generic types of competitive strategies include C. ow-cost provider, broad differentiation, focused low-cost, focused differentiation and best cost provider strategies.11. Easy-to-copy differentiating features A. do not offer the tell of sustainable competitive advantage.12. A competitive strategy to be the low-cost provider in an industry works well when E. All of these.13. The most appealing approaches to differentiation are E. those that are tough for rivals to spear carrier and that also have considerable buyer appeal.Read also Quiz Week 414. A company that succeeds in differentiating its product offering from those of its rivals can usually E.All of the above.15. A strategy to be the industrys overall low-cost provider black markets to be more appealing than a differentiation or focus strategy when C. the offerings of rival firms are essentially identical, standardized, commodity-like products.16. Which of the following is not one of the five generic types of competitive strategy? E. A market share dominator strategy17. Perceived value and signaling value are often an important part of a successful differentiation strategy when E. All of these.18. A competitive strategy of striving to be the low-cost provider is particularly attractive when E. switching costs are high, price competition is strong, and buyers tend to use the industrys products in many different ways.19. A low-cost leaders basis for competitive advantage is D. meaningfully lower overall costs than competitors.20. A companys competitive strategy deals with A. managements game plan for securing a competitive advantage relative to rivals.

Abolitionism and the Uplift Movement

Justin Schenck March 7, 2013 Abolitionism Prof. Price The Uplift Movement and Origins of the Black perform service In the late 18th century after the end of the revolution many new opportunities and hopefully thinking caused African Americans to start championing for equality through the Uplift movement. This was an era where the Great rouse and Enlightenment were becoming much more popular nationwide. Secret abolition societies and organizations were sprouting up altogether crosswise the new Republic.These free thinkers and new anti-sla genuinely organizations called for the need of a place to gather without racial inequality and where the members could feel comfortable. I believe that the solution for this problem was the development of African American churches where racial sequestration was not present and the black community along with white active could gather comfortably for piety, chance, cordial/scholastic education, and held as a place for various activist meetin gs.The first of the churches was founded by two former slaves, Richard Allen and Absalom Jones. The African Methodist Episcopal Church was established in 1792. These churches created many leaders in the fight for racial equality and the abolishment of slavery. The churches were open to both free blacks and slaves. White slave owners would bring their slaves to church with them and justified slavery by saying that the church is teaching them Christianity even though they experienced very little access to a quality service.These new black churches gave African Americans the chance to decipher the leger in their own way and spiritual traditions which have carried on still to this day. Along with these new traditions created leading roles in the church which were nonexistent in the mainstream churches. Not only were these churches a place for comfortable worship but also served as a headquarters for meetings among the anti-slavery and racial equality groups. Without these places for opportunities like jobs, petition rives, activist meetings, and schools the racial discrimination wouldnt have gotten any better any faster. The schools created the knowledge to understand how to muddle it as a free person in the white society. Freed blacks were becoming much more literate which helped them learn how to fight for equality along with the religious side of equal rights for all men. Of course there were struggles along the way. The churches suffered violence from white denominations but the black churches would not fail under strong leadership.These preachers further economic growth through community members donations and drives. This economic growth funded the schools and literacy programs. Also, Black leaders began to focus on politics and setting political goals. This was a time of growth all across the board and was the foundation of building a strong community, economic growth, and possibly most of all creating opportunity for leadership that had not been seen before.

Spectator Violence at Sporting Events

These people want to hurt you. Its frightening. You feel like youre in a cage out there. Reggie Smith, (Berger, 1990). Spectator abandon at libertine events has been recorded throughout history. people who have great power everyplace the events, often team possessors, in adoptly influence the tally of spectator violence by encouraging the f fleckors contributing to violence, in order to benefit themselves. Sale of alcohol, encouraging campaign intensity, creating rivalries, and targeting affable groups, atomic number 18 figures affecting the degree of spectator violence and elicit be proven to be influenced by the owners actions. at that placefore the blame for spectator violence washbasin be attributed to whoever has power everyplace the sport. more historians suggest that an increase in spectator violence coincides with the commercialization of sports. Anthropologists agree that in societies where enliveneds were non for profit, they were enjoyed as celebrations of physical skill without competitiveness or violence between players or spectators (Berger, 1990). However, when people gained power or financially from the sporting events, spectator violence change magnitude (Berger, 1990).Public spectacles and crippleds were objet dart of the romish Empire. Each emperor moth had an amphitheater and the size of the crowd reflected the emperors wealth or power. The emperor through crowd excitement could influence spectator violence to much(prenominal) an extent that gladiators could be killed or freed depending on the crowds effect on the emperor (Robinson, 1998). The emperor encouraged the papistic work class, to forget their own suffering, by seeing others suffer, while the senators, and emperor would benefit financially from gambling pelf (Robinson, 1998).With the commercialization of sports, owners shekels increased with alcohol gross sales. Beer drinking has been an integral part of sports since the late 1870s. Chris van der Alie sig ht that his saloon did well when St. Louis Brown Stockings were in town. As a result, he decided to sell beer at the naughtys. On February 12, 1880, Alie signed a contract with the Browns allowing him to sell alcohol on their property (Johnson, 1988). During a game on July 6, 1881, the first alcohol related brawl broke out in the crowd, injuring twenty spectators and sidesplitting two (Johnson, 1998).The signed contract with the Browns was a financial bonus for the owner, however permitting alcohol to be sold, skill have indirectly contributed to the injuries and deaths. Alcohol sales contribute financial support to teams. Without beer companies as sponsors, the teams would have cark making ends meet. Bob Whitsitt, president of Seattle Supersonics, (Berger, 1990). The much(prenominal) alcohol consumed, the more tax for the owners. During the 1987-1988 season the Cincinnati Reds sold 12,610 half-barrels and 35,365 cases of beer.The amount of beer consumed averages out to a pi nt for every man, woman, and child who attended the 81 games the team played at home (Johnson, 1988). The teams owner benefited with a financial profit of over 1 meg dollars. Sponsorship or ownership of teams by alcohol manufacturers, increases the alcohol sales. The first major partnership of beer and baseball dates from the 1953 acquire of the Cardinals by August A. Busch, Jr. , president of the Anheuser-Busch brewery (Johnson, 1988). In twenty-five years its sales so bed from fewer than 6 million barrels a year to more than 35 million (Johnson, 1988).In addition to direct profit, alcohol also indirectly increases profit through increased attendance. In 1974, when the Cleveland Indians strike out attendance was down, the owner implemented Beer Night where they sold beers for 10 cents at the first game of a three game series against the Texas forest fire fighters (Berger, 1990). Attendance was up by 3500. The night turned out to be the first and at last Beer Night. When a brawl occurred during the 5th inning, hundreds of Indian fans charged the dramatic art and beat up the Texas Ranger players. Seventy-six people were arrested. All were intoxicated (Berger, 1990).Theres no question that the beer played a great part in the affair (GM Eddie Robinson). Eddie Robinson did not apologize for the incident, and it took Lee MacPhail, president of American partnership to intervene and ban the beer nights (Johnson, 1988). The rowdy behavior contributed by alcohol consumption often accompanies the throwing of beverage containers.Cups, bottles, and cans act as stimuli and leave alone a throwing opportunity. In 1988, Pete Rose of Cincinnati Reds was pelted with full cups of beer and whiskey bottles, when he stormed out of the dugout to dispute a call. It was insane, many of the fans were throwing unopened beer cans Pete Rose, (Johnson, 1988). To restrain spectator violence, many agree with not merchandising alcohol at sporting events. The selling of alcohol at spor ting events should be banned (Johnson, 1988). opposite solutions have been implemented, such as limiting drinking to designated areas, selling low alcohol beer, and making it more difficult to buy. The solution of prohibiting alcohol at games was never implemented (Johnson, 1988) Alcohol sales increase revenue profits keep the owners satisfied.The owners to increase entertainment and increase attendance often promote other stimulants such as music, hearing obscenities, and aggressive play in the event or in the stands. Since sports are a source of entertainment, loud music and aggressive play in the event pump up the crowds, change magnitude the fans enthusiasm. Hearing obscenities can be contagious and escalate into more swearing, name calling and fighting. An obscene cheer up starts with two fans, increases to eight and soon a whole section is vibrating to the pulse.If fans take exception to the obscenities individual fights tell out building into group fights, as friends com e to assist. Owners are often able to control the crowds involvement in the game with the type of music they play and how loud they control the peck (Robinson, 1998). An excited, participatory crowd heightens the aureole and increases future shred sales, benefiting the owner. However, the same atmosphere can increase dislike leading to fan violence. Basketball games attract anywhere from twenty to thirty thousand fans, whereas a athletic competition may attract a few hundred (Robinson, 1998).This is party due to the loud, exciting atmosphere at a basketball game. Goldstein did a study comparing crowd hatred before and afterwardswards a basketball game to before and after a gymnastic competition. He proved that the hatred increased considerably for the basketball fans, and also discovered that hostility occurred no matter if the fan was root for the winning or the losing team (Robinson, 1998). Large sport events like basketball often use music to increase the crowds hostility and competitive alertness of the game. Owners often dont get a line at what point hostility turns to fan violence.This may have been the situation for Dan Goodenow, organizer of the 1988 Martin Luther King real basketball tournament where 5 fans were arrested, a mans face slashed, and a police officer injured during a riot (Atyeo, 1979). Coaches and game officials blamed the rap group Public Enemy, who played before the game cheering obscenities, carrying plastic guns, and working up the crowd to an extent of raucous excitement (Chapman, 1988). Owners or drill leadership help create team rivalry by encouraging fans, through city or school patriotism, to support their team.With media support, owners use historical team rivalry, competitive stories, propaganda and team loyalty to promote high-ticket sales and increase profits. Excessive promotion of rivalry changes crowd cheers to jeers that can lead to violence. The most common rivalries are school rivalries. Starting as far b ack as 1899 the students of Colorado School of Mines and those of Colorado College would sustain victory by using dynamite to blow up the rivals goal posts (Taylor, 1992). During unrivalled game the presidents of the universities promoted the final game, as The top college in Colorado will win (Taylor, 1992).By game time, most students from twain schools were there to cheer their teams on. When Colorado College was down their fans, frustrated by the score and the name-calling, stormed the content at half time where a riot broke out. When rivalry was claimed to be a factor it was no longer promoted, and violence diminished (Taylor, 1992). A similar vitrine of rivalry leading to hostility occurred in the 1999 Red Feather game Banting vs. Westminster. To encourage attendance and raise money for charities both schools had pep rallies to pump up the students by using music, videos and chants.During half time the two schools emerged towards the center of the field taunting each other . The organizers of the rallies intent on boosting ticket sales inadvertently encouraged spectator violence. There is an increase in violence chase sporting events promoting rivalry as compared to regular promotion, as seen in professional boxing following a highly talked about match. The promoters in boxing do everything they can to make sure the matches turn out violent to satisfy the crowd. David C. Phillips a sociologist studied the rate of homicides following highly publicized heavyweight championship fights.The survey was done the 3 weeks following each of 18 highly publicized bouts from 1973-1978 compared to those bouts with normal publicity (Davidson, 1983). Phillips found that there were 193 more murders, in the surrounding areas, after the promoted fights as compared to the norms (Davidson, 1983). After the highly promoted Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier fight on October 1, 1975, the murder rate shot up cardinal percent (Davidson, 1983). Phillips theory is people see how vi olence is prized in the boxing ring and come to recollect that violence outside the ring will also be rewarded (Davidson, 1983).The rewards however, are the financial rewards to the owners, through increased ticket sales and media advertising. Spectator violence may be parallel to violence in the baseball club. For example in a violent society, play will be violent, whereas in a peaceful society play will be more peaceful. The make up of the brotherly group contributes to the possibility of violence. Spectators can be divided into different social classes and the event advertised in areas where a particular social group is targeted for ticket sales.Often working class males are targeted, as their values and attitudes of aggressiveness, fearlessness and mood are well suited to competitive sports (Bonney & Giulianotti, 1994). They are likely to be the fans that are betting on the game or are there for the thrills (Berger, 1990). These fans are more likely to attend contact sportin g events such as rugby and to be violent, compared to the upper class fans who analyze the game are more likely to attend a cricket match. In the sport soccer, hooligans who dominate the crowds are mainly males who by and large act in rough, noisy behavior (Taylor, 1992).They have lawless fun, fighting spectators, throwing objects and vandalizing property. Most hooligans are from the working class. They have low ambitions, violent behavior and high stress levels (Bonney & Giulianotti, 1994). They act out their frustrations, like the Roman working class, by attending sporting events where they loose their individualities. Fans in Glasgow, Scotland, trampled sixty-six persons to death when they tried to call back to the stadium they had just left upon hearing that a last-minute goal had been scored. Berger, 1982).Hooliganism gives the memorial tablet of a team motivation with their traditional cheers and it builds the atmosphere which builds a team Lesie Davis, management of Perus soccer organization (Taylor, 1992). Major soccer teams target this low-income social class be coiffure it brings atmosphere to the game and alcohol sales and profits increase (Shumacher, 1975). In marketing ticket sales for most team sports, owners target males nineteen to forty-five. 60 three percent of males and twenty percent of females in that age range are involved with sports whether they figure in them, or follow them (Oliver, 1971). Team owners often exclusively target males, resulting in an increase of ticket sales and merchandise. However, when males are bonded they often act violently emphasizing their masculinity, machismo, bravery and fighting skills (Tiger, 1970). Many teams in the American baseball game League in the 1970s were having problems concerning fan violence, and found the main instigators were males.They changed the games to Sunday, traditionally a family day and encouraged female fans by admitting them free. With women and family present the men were less likely to loose their individuation and act violently as a group. The results for the next 5 years were positive as fan violence decreased by 30 percent (Berger, 1990). By studying the occurrences, degrees, and causes of fan violence over history, owners are able to decrease the incidents of fan violence while maintaining profits and entertainment value of their organization. tardily but effectively owners, teams, coaches and professional leagues are creating solutions to minimize fan violence. The American Baseball League, National Baseball League and the National Basketball Association participate in TEAM (Techniques for Effective Alcohol Management), which is a program for training everyone from vendors to ushers in handling people who have had too much to drink (Berger, 1982). Many of the NFL teams have moved their tailgate parties outside the stadium to eliminate the hostility caused by loud jounce bands on the premises (Berger. 1990).Security cameras have been installed in many of the soccer stadiums and transportation centers to games, spotting the fans that cause the violence, and acting as deterrents for others. Controlled drinking areas, entrance controlled security checks, and increased visible security personnel are measures, which have helped to reduce fan violence in all sports. Most important, the owners need to be aware that some of their actions to benefit their organization have an indirect influence on the factors for fan violence. Sport is a basic feature of Australian culture. The achievements of Australian athletes have enhanced our image as a nation. society in sporting activities contributes to the health of millions of Australians the teamwork and fair play which Australians learn on the playing field provide the basis for a good society. But Australian sport is not without shortcomings. Whilst sporting violence, on the part of both participants and spectators, is less frequent and less severe in Australia than in many overseas loca tions, it the Great Compromiser grounds for concern. Violence on the playing field sets a bad example for impressionable new-fashioned Australians. Unruly crowd behaviour can spoil a pleasant family outing.

Eth/125 Final Essay

The schooling that I strike learned about(predicate) transformation in the unite States has helped me better substantiate our association and relate to dissimilar pile. I c every(prenominal) in that diversity is a graceful thing that we should embrace sooner of looking at negatively. The join States has come a hanker way in terms of secernment and prejudice against different pack from different cultures, backgrounds and races. This class has helped me gain a better understanding of what around state went through in order to gain the respect of mickle that looked down on them because they were of a different descent. Looking back at the way African Americans were treated in the 1950s and mid-sixties truly makes me cringe. To me its unfathomable that people can have so much hate towards a group of people because of the color of their skin. Martin Luther King said it best in his I have a dream speech when he stated that he dreams of a day where his four little childre n go away be judged not by the color of their skin, ex performancely by the content of their character.I think that from then, we have come a long way because as a whole, parliamentary law is a spotlight more(prenominal) indeterminate to diversity but we still have a long way to go. breeding about diversity has made me embrace my own culture much more. I am an American of full Dominican Descent, and although I have always been proud to be a Hispanic vitality in America, diversity has taught me that it re alone toldy is a beautiful thing. The way few people dissever against minorities makes you almost a bit ashamed to be from another country, but I dont calculate it that way. I love being Dominican and I will always be proud of where I am from. I think that by the year 2050 the United States is going to be much more various(a) than it is now. The minority population is going to be much more diverse, resulting in larger amounts of motley marriages. The Caucasians will n o longer be the studyity. Right now, in 2013 we ar so diverse and you chequer people from all over the orbit in the United States, and I feel that as time goes by that is fair going to increase dramatically. I think that the racial issues that we face today will always be there,because there will always be people that are unlikeable minded and living in the past.I do however, think that given how diverse the United States is becoming, society will learn to be more accepting of diversity and different cultures and interracial marriages. Today, you dont confabulate the same concern for race and skin color that we saw in the 1950s and sixties people today are more accepting of diversity. The fact that we have the first African American president today is a major turning point in our nation, one that has changed a dress circle of people attitudes towards African Americans and different minority groups. According to Joel Kotkin (2010), racial and ethnic identification will be as important as it is now. Now more than ever, ethnicity is intertwined with identity and shapes the way people grow, what they believe and their perspectives on a variety of topics. (What will American look like Liane Membis, 7/2/2010). The biggest challenge that the United States faces because of diversity is amongst the people themselves. Americans need to get rid of the hyphen and accept and understand that we are all Americans and one nation.The pledge of allegiance states that we are one nation under god, with liberty and justice for all, its ironic how so many people forget that we are in fact single nation and instead of pointing fingers because of where someone is from or the color of their skin, we should come together and embrace the diversity in which we exit in. The challenges that this nation faces in regards to diversity our challenges that we have created ourselves. In a unblemished world, we would all live in harmony there would be no racism, discrimination or hate . We would all get along and embrace the fact that we come from all over the world to America and live here together. vicissitude is such a positive thing, and I wish that more people viewed it this way. In todays society, where we are the epitome of diversity, a dowery of people view it as a good thing. smorgasbord is beneficial because it gives a lot of people the opportunity to experience different things with different people. Some people dont really pay attention to the things that go on outside of their comfort zone, or simply just choose not to lay outicipate in things that will help them better understand different cultures and people. Studies show that the lack of cohesion between races, sexes and cultures is due to mistrust, stereotyping, and more within culture communication and language problems ( Sarah T., Missouri City Tx The importance & Benefits ofdiversity).I think this statement is absolutely true, and is a major factor in the divide that people create in the United States when it comes to diversity. We have a long way to go before we are a diverse society that values the differences in the people that make up our nation. Another benefit of diversity in America is that it prepares our children for the real world. One of the things I love the most about how diverse our nation is and growing up here you see it the most. Our schools are filled with children from all over the world and country, and our children are taught at an early age to not see the color of their friends skin, but who they are and how well they get along. I think that by raising consciousness we can foster a climate of acceptance and cultural plurism in the United States. If we as a whole were able to just be a little more commit minded we would be able to knock down the walls that keep us from getting to know people from different cultures and accept them how they are. Given, that the United states has gone through situations like 9/11 with the terrorist attacks that m ade people a little more guarded against middle eastern people and that brought on a lot of discrimination against the Muslim Americans living here. I dont think its fair to effectuate them all in that category, because not everyone is the same. There are good and bad people from every part of the world, and if we were a little more conscience of this we would be able to accept diversity that much more. miscellany isnt just where you are from or your religious beliefs, its much more than that physical appearances, where you grew up, but all of that is irrelevant if we accept each other and come together as a whole. The media contributes to the extension of stereotypes and prejudice in the way that they show people from certain backgrounds in television, newspapers and the way that they talk about people on the radio as well. I think that the way certain racial groups or cultures are portrayed in the media, has a significant impact on the way viewers and listeners see them. For exa mple, the attacks with 9/11 were something that moved our nation and impacted the United States significantly, but the way the media went after the terrorists withal made the way viewers and Americans viewed Muslims living in America negative. People began to hate Muslim Americans and discriminate against them, as if the attacks were their fault.The media helps foster appreciation for diversity, for how diverse it is itself. You see people on television from differentbackgrounds, and different cultures working together. Whether it is on television shows, newspapers or in music the media promotes diversity by showing just how diverse it is itself. For example, the Ellen DeGeneres show is very diverse. The fact that she is a gay woman is a fact that some people look down on to begin with, but she brings people from all over the world and a very diverse bunch of celebrities on her show without discrimination against anyone. I think this is the perfect example of how the media helps fo ster appreciation for diversity, because it applauds the fact that there is such diversity and it is brought together in a positive way. I think that if individuals in the United States were to be a little more open up minded than we wouldnt have any divides at all, and we could reduce prejudice and increase the appreciation for diversity in our nation. The problem is that a lot of people do not realize just how beautiful diversity is. They look at it as something negative and that is the mindset that we need to work on ever-changing in order to reduce prejudice. We live in a country that welcome differences and gives people the election and right to be themselves, and to be proud of where they come from.Personally, I am a very open soul to other people and diversity and I embrace it because I feel that we are all different and that is what makes this country beautiful. I have a very diverse group of friends, and I have never judged people based on the color of their skin, but wh o they are as a person and I try to carry that way of thinking every day of my life. I have a son, and I would never want people to discriminate against him for being Dominican, or brown, and so I will instill in him the same values my mother and father instilled in me as a child, that I carry with me today. I mean think about it, if we all walked around being told what to do, what to think, and to act the same then we would complain about that.

The problem to be investigated is ethical challenges and grey areas Essay

The fuss to be investigated is ethical challenges and grey areas within line of credit processes that are exploited by businesses for financial gain. Laddering, mould investment strategy - Essay ExampleOnce the prices escalate, the shares are sold to start out profits from the gullible public. Goldman has been using this strategy to commence quick m unmatchabley. It is ethically wrong. Business ethics are mainly principles and value that guide business strategies and decision-making processes to promote responsible expression. Kantian ethical theory is implicit in its universalism and proposes that iodin must act in a manner that one would expect others to act towards oneself (Johnson, 2008). Goldman Sachs had used stealthy techniques to deliberately increase the price of shares and then float the same share into the market to profit. Hence, Goldman was highly unethical and exploited the trust of the public to gain profits. Laddering It is an agreement between the leaf node and the firm whereby the client or buyer promises to buy the shares of IPO at a higher price above the initial one so that its market shares are guaranteed to increase. This is a scam between the underwriter for the IPO and the favored client to make money at the cost of general public. Goldman Sachs has been responsible for committing this crime with the deliberate intention of fraud. not only has the company violated the trust and confidentiality of other clients but also its irresponsible and fraudulent behavior has resulted in the bankruptcy of the new firm whose IPO was floated. A prime example is eToys, which had gone bankrupt. Hosmer (1994) asserts that business decisions need to be constructed on the basis of economic considerations, ethical values and moral obligations to its various stakeholders. Goldmans sole purpose was to make profit and benefit few clients thereby harming the interests of its other clients and public in general. Hence, its conduct and business practic e was hugely unethical. CDO or collateralized debt obligations Collateralized debt obligations are financial instruments that are mortgage back and, therefore, attractive to clients. The short sale and maintaining short subprime position considerably benefits the firm. In 2008, Goldman became a bank retentiveness company. Though the company was brought under the regulation of Federal Reserve Bank, it also obtained easy access to pecuniary resource from Federal Reserve at zero percent interest and no time limit. It started recommending CDO to its clients. The mortgage pools of CDOs were not good and were purposely chosen for their low value by the finance director, Paulson. The deal was structured by a trusted company that continued to question the validity of the mortgage pool. Goldman insured the CDOs for $11 jillion with AIG. The company has created false demands by buying it and then selling it in open market to make short position. When Goldman pulled out, the clients were le ft with $40 million of securities which had no worth. Goldman sold its insurance profits to hedge funds. Goldmans culture was based on maximizing profit and money for themselves and their select few clients. Promising to make a person rich by forty was the critical philosophy that encouraged them to evolve in advance(p) ways to manipulate market and cheat general public. The general culture of dishonesty and non-accountability towards their various stakeholders was an in-chief(postnominal) ingredient of their work environment. Thus, values and ethics played no part in their decision-making processes. They only conformed to the heavy

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Case learn Exampleters, telecommunication products and a large variety of medical tools and equipment, and lastly, small components ranging from chips to batteries. If the Philips NV is considered with respect to its performance in these four potential domains, it can be stated that the enterprise has done good enough to be ranked among the plumping names such as the General Electric, Sony, Matsushita and Siemens which are well-known as the global competitors. This is partly evident from the fact that according to results of a survey conducted in the second fractional of the 1980s, which was about 100 years since the birth of Philips NV, the enterprise had spread so much that its subsidiaries were noticed to be functional in 60 countries worldwide which had offered job opportunities to nearly 300,000 employees from all over the world. (Hill, n.d. cited in Jones and Mathew, 2009, p. 523). However, in spite of the fact that the enterprise had multiplied its business and revenues man ifolds since its start up to 1990, Philips NV found itself in big trouble in terms of financial losses that amounted to about $ 2.2 billion on a scratch of $ 28 billion and declining revenues because of some hardships encountered in the 1980s. It might have happened so because of the dynamic and increasingly warlike nature of the global electronics industry that almost experienced a technological revolution in the arrest between 1970s and 1980s.World War II spanning from 1939 to 1945 had created many challenges and issues for Philips NV in a number of ways. Philips flip chest of drawers was located in Eindhoven in Netherlands. Because of the war, the enterprise had to organize its foreign activities outside its head office in Eindhoven since Netherlands was occupied by Germany during the war. Under such circumstances, the national organizations owned by Philips had no plectrum but to function on their own. This paved way for these organizations to develop themselves as indepen dent companies each of them having its

Case Study - Arrowhead Ltd Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

- Arrowhead Ltd - Case Study lessonThe liberal strategies adapted to this segment of customers finally bounced back as a major threat to the innovation of the company.As a production director, I should approach the above issue seriously. Drastic changes in the parentage strategy are necessary in Arrowhead. No organization can survive in the reliable extremely competitive world, either with a fussy product alone or with a particular segment only as the customer al-Qaeda. Greg Kitson (2009) has argued that every marketplace experiences some seasonality diversification of the customer ascendent is the only option to stay busy throughout the year (Kitson 2009). It is suicidal to depend heavily on a particular customer base for ever to sustain a business. Avoiding customers who are volatile to market fluctuations is necessary to sustain the business prospects of Arrowhead. Arrowhead should concentrate more on building a customer base that are capable of withstanding any type of pr essure exerted from the market.The recent financial crisis has touch Arrowhead worse since or so of their customer base was from the mostly affected community, the lower and middle class. The current financial crisis has not affected the upper class much because of their immense financial strengths to overcome such crisis situations. On the other hand, the sculptural relief of the community were seriously affected by the financial crisis.Arrowhead should build high timber products in target to canvass the upper class people. The current customers of Arrowhead are not much worried about the quality of the furniture produced by arrowhead. It is quiet natural since they are getting furniture at an affordable damage and that also in instalment payment basis. They cannot bargain much to reduce the price or to better the quality of the Arrowhead products because of their obligations to the company. On the other hand, upper class people are not like that. They usually look for the q uality of the product rather than the price of

Intro to missions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intro to armorial bearings - see ExampleThe paper also explains in detail the meaning of Missions and shows how the theme of Missions is the main focus of Missiology. onwards we delve into the main areas of Missiology, it is important to look at the distinction between two important Missiology terminologies. The origin terminology is the term mission. The term mission (singular) is used in reference to Gods mission in the world, or in other words Gods desire of reconciling totally hu worldly concern beings to him (Rogers, 27). Missions (plural) on the other hand refers to the human participation in Gods decease of reconciling the human beings to him.As we have said in the introduction, the main aim of Missiology is to prepare the prospective missionaries for the challenging and very important work of missionary. For the missionaries to succeed in their mission work, they should be adequately fain to face the challenges of mission work. The dressing requires that, first the mis sionaries should be well grounded in Theology. This is because as the work of all missionary involves living the Gospel in a radical way and helping the other flock to know God and to give their lives to God, the missionaries should be well grounded in Theology. To be effective and successful in their work therefore, the missionaries should understand well the main aim and goal of mission work. This therefore means that the preparation of future missionaries should involve studying salvation history.According to the Bible, especially the book of Genesis, we learn that the main resolve wherefore God created human beings is to have a mutually satisfying relationship with the human beings (Rogers, 13). That is why even after man sinned against God in the Garden of Eden, God did not abandon man but He initiated the process of reconciling man back to him. Salvation history is all nigh this process of God reconciling humanity back to

Management of information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management of information engine room - Essay Examplein this unfriendly environment and to cope with such dynamic environment brought by information technology, it is extremely important to obtain pace with management, technological and organizational issues concerned with the development and use of information systems. There are commodious issues in this field and they need to be thoroughly evaluated in order to reap maximum benefits.This distinguish explores the management and other issues related with information technology in the leading swan of Middle East, Eskan bank. Eskan bank has a huge customer base and it has been consistently expanding for the past few years. With increased competition from the competitor banks entering the market and with consumers demanding a wider range of financial services, the bank was looking for ways to exploit the lendable technology to sustain its lead. It took a major shift in its direction and invested in information technology and acq uired a core banking solution for its banking operations from a well-renowned software service provider Misys.Information Systems strategic Planning (ISSP) refers to the activities directed toward (1) recognizing organizational opportunities for using information technology, (2) de end pointining the resource requirements to exploit these opportunities, (3) and developing strategies and movement plans for realizing these opportunities and for meeting the resource needs (Boynton and Smud, 1987, p.59). Strategic planning is a top level management exercise and it requires absolute commitment from those positioned at the higher level of organizational hierarchy. The strategic plan charters the mission, short term and long term plans of the organization. The need for improved information systems project planning has been obvious because the cost of information system has risen rapidly and its approximately forty percent of the total expenses in almost organizations (Hoffer, George and Valacich 2002, p. 141)As the Eskan bank was embroiled in a competitive

Facebook privacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Facebook privacy - look for Paper Examplend, the majority of young Americans, who constitute the largest proportion of the users of Facebook and other social networking sites, worry little about their privacy.In February 2011, DHS announced that they planned to roll out a program that would make it possible for them to censor media content, including data relating to social media(Wagner 390). The program would gather personal data of the users of Facebook and other social networking sites and pass on that information to all levels of government, foreign government and private companies. In part, the data would be gathered by undercover agents who would disguise as ordinary social media users while, in the real sense, they were on these sites to spy on genuine users. The agency also indicated that it would store personal data for a period not stupendous five years. This program sounded so sinister that one wonders why the DHS had to announce it. Nonetheless, under the program, th e government has act to collect the personal information of the users of Facebook. This program and the form _or_ system of government underpinning it are a serious infringement on the civil liberties, especially the right to privacy, the Constitution grants to every American. The government must abandon them and seek ersatz ways of achieving their ways.The journey toward a federal policy on the freedom of Internet kicked off to a slow start in early 2010(Wagner 398). Then, in early 2011, the Egyptian revolt, to which Twitter and Facebook added fuel, injected some whim into the process. The development in Egypt made the federal government see the urgent need for a policy that would help security agencies circumvent barriers to combating cyber crime, while at the same time making it difficult for despotical regimes to employ the same technology to suppress divergent views. The process of enacting the policy was slowed down by het debates over which projects the policy needed to prioritize. Moreover, questions were raised over the rather

The Transcontinental Railroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Transcontinental Railroad - Essay ExampleAs an initial matter, it is necessary to understand the scientific context of the time frame within which the racecourseroad evolved as an integral part of the American infrastructure. on that point were, to be sure, important scientific breakthroughs which made such a continental project feasible. These breakthroughs came in two the United States of America and in Europe. Without these breakthroughs it would be very fair to argue that America might non have developed as quickly and as postfully as it has in the past two hundred years.In 1769, James Watt, a mechanical engineer from Scotland successfully patented a locomote engine which had practical applications. To be sure, this technological breakthrough was not specifically designed for railroads, quite the contrary, it was most commonly associated with prototypes of steamboats in Great Britain. Nonetheless, the steam engine provided the world with a new source of military uni t prior to this scientific development, for centuries, people had relied on wind, water, animal, and human power to drive the machines of industry, agriculture, and transportation.1 This new power source would stir the imaginations of leaders in governments and commerce alike. Although the steam engine would revolutionize many fields, it became an substantial step in the evolution of the steam locomotive.In 1825, a steam-driven locomotive pulled coal on a nine mile track in England. This experiment demonstrated that railroads and steam locomotives were indeed within the state of possibility. If coal could be moved nine miles by rail then it could, in theory be moved nine hundred miles. It didnt take long for the concepts and the engineering prowess to take root in America indeed, in 1830, a mere five years after the successful experiments in England, an American engineer, Peter Cooper, completed the construction of Americas first base steam locomotive. This steam locomotive was n amed the Tom Thumb and it carried both commercial goods and passengers along a thirteen mile stretch of railroad track from Baltimore to Ellicotts Mills, Maryland.2 From a technological point of view, the stage was set for the construction of grander and more far-reaching rail systems.1.2 The Demographic and Intellectual OriginsCalls for expanded rail service were frequent and fervent. The origins of the fundamental idea, a transcontinental railroad yokeing the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast, first surfaced in 1832 in an anonymous letter in the weekly newspaper- The Emigrant published in Ann pergola Michigan. The idea did not die from that moment on.3 Significantly, this proposal for a transcontinental railroad proceeded fifty-fifty before the United States had settled treaty negotiations regarding the Oregon territory. 4The speed with which the idea took root was staggering. but were the engineering feats accomplished, and with portions of the western territories unsettled or disputed by various powers, and plans were being made to connect the coasts by railroad.These pressures to move westward, and to connect the Atlantic to the Pacific, were in many ways driven by demographic pressures. The demographic origins of the transcontinental railroad can be traced to the westward movement of settlers across the Northern Plains.5 This racecourse would become an important route for emigration, and would be later denoted more formally as the Oregon Trail. raft