Globalization Case paper-marketing Essay

There are new technologies that are emerging in the market and this ahs led to advancements in communication and transport. Every marketer in the world wants his/her products marketed by use of the new technology. The recent developments in technology have resulted in the emergence of standardized consumer products that are marketed in the global market. Consumer preferences that were regional or country based have ceased globally and the needs and desires of people have been homogenized. This has resulted in failure of most of the multinational corporations while the global corporations are thriving in business. Homogenization in the global market can be seen in the case of Coca-cola and Pepsi-cola, these two producers sell their globally standardized products around the world which is filled with people with different tastes and preferences but they make good sales. Unlike before when companies perceived that overseas prices were higher, now companies are using a common method to distribute finance and price their products internationally. The markets that used to be small and nation based have expanded to market their products globally; this has been necessitated by the competition that exists leading to increased efficiency in the production, management, marketing and distribution of products. Customers tend to prefer products from companies that have forced the costs and prices down while on the other hand increasing the quality and reliability of their products. Large companies that operate in a single country are very much unlikely to standardize their products internationally. Companies that lack clarified global focus and are not attentive to the economies of simplicity and standardization are faced with a lot of problems in their marketing lines. The multinational corporation knows a lot about very many countries while the global corporation understands the need to be competitive on a global scale as well as on a national scale and is always aimed at reducing its prices by standardizing its products and operations. Due to the current global markets there has been a great deal of division of labor and specialization. Large scale production of standardized items has been seen to be cheaper within a wide range of volume than small scale production (Theodore, 1984). Implications for a global marketer Global marketers need to come up with ways that will increase their competitive advantage globally and these would help them survive in the global market. Use of the current technology can increase the global marketers’ area of business. The global marketers also need to standardize their products so as to make sure that they are fit for the international market. For a global marketer to thrive in business he has to change the mentality that marketing is giving the customers what they need and look at marketing as trying to understand what exactly the customer would like. Global marketers should not therefore persist with costly, customized multinational products and services but they should aim and press for global standardization. The global marketer also needs to note the barriers to globalization that exist in the market; these barriers are normally experienced in the Middle East countries and also the transfer of data and technology across the boundaries of the European market countries is hindered by financial and legal impediments that exist. Another barrier that may affect the global marketer is the resistance to radio and television interference that exists in some neighboring European countries. Before any marketer thinks of exporting their domestic products there is need to assess how the products need to be changed to fit in the international market. Most customers always need a product that meet their needs and so they need certain features in the products but research has shown that they can take other features if the promotion and the price was right and therefore global marketers should come up with practices that are aimed at reducing their prices. The wider the marketer’s global reach, the greater the number of national preferences encountered in the promotion and distribution of the products and therefore the global marketer should accommodate differences at some times. Companies should also note that it is not automatic that there exists a market of their products in a region where a similar company flourished in business. Recommendations and additional thoughts Companies that wholly capitalize on economic convergence can still make adjustments and distinctions in different markets. For any company to go global it has to undergo the following stages; stage one is when the company focuses only on the domestic market, stage two is when the company still has a home focus but it has exports, stage three is when the company realizes that it has to focus more on the multinational than the domestic market and in stage four the company has global organizations that aim at marketing the company’s products globally. During this time when the company is moves through the four stages its marketing is affected by the effect on products, promotion, placement and the price of the products. As many companies try to become global there is need to look at the demerits that are associated with the practice, they include; difference in business laws, different distribution channels, differences in the administration procedures and the differences that exist in the consumer response, needs and usage pattern of the products (Helsen and Kotabe, 2004). WORD COUNT 882 WORDS REFERENCE LIST Helsen, K, and Kotabe, M (2004), Global Marketing Management – 3rd Edition, San Francisco John Wiley & Sons, Inc – Publishers. Pp. 10-12 Theodore Levitt, (1984), the globalization of markets, The Mc Kinsey Quarterly. Pp. 2-19

How to Write an Article Review Essay

Writing an article review, which is also sometimes referred to as an article critique, is a special type of writing that involves reading an article and then providing the reader with your personal take on its content. In general, article review essays should start with a heading that includes a citation of the sources that are being reviewed. The first paragraph, which is the introduction to the article review, should provide a summary of the article highlights. This summary should not provide every last detail about the article being reviewed. Rather, it should only discuss the most important details. If you find yourself carrying on or needing more than one paragraph to write your summary, you need to revisit the paragraph and find ways to trim down the length of your summary. Following the brief summary of your article, you will then need to explain why the article is significant. Questions you should ask yourself when writing these paragraphs include: Does the article fill a void within the literature that already exists on the topic? Does the article contain any information that would be considered â€Å"breakthrough† information? Will the information contained within this article cause other people in the field to change their ideas about the subject matter or does it simply revisit information that is already known in the field? In your final paragraphs, you will need to present your personal evaluation of the article. Some questions you should ask yourself in order to come up with your personal evaluation include whether or not the article is well written and clear. You should also consider whether or not any information was missing and if more research is needed on the topic. If you are writing the article review for a class, try to connect the article to organizational and industrial experience and try to connect the content of the article to information that you have been studying in your course. As you write your article review, keep in mind that you are doing more than just a book report. Rather than focus on telling what the article was about, your article review should reflect your personal opinions on the article as well as how it affects you or the field in which it was written. After you have finished writing your article review, be sure to go back and re-read it. This way, you will be able to look at it with a fresh set of eyes and you may notice errors that you had not previously noticed. Outline of the Article Review Please include the following categories in your article review. Full Bibliographic Reference Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Very Brief Summary Results Contributions Foundation Synthesis with other materials Analysis & Additional Analysis General Critique) Further Critique of a Conceptual Article -or- Further Critique of an Empirical Article Issues (in your opinion). Questions Annotated Bibliography Citation Analysis Appendix 1. Full Bibliographic Reference State the full bibliographic reference for the article you are reviewing (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) Important: this is not the bibliography listed at the end of the article, rather the citation of the article itself! 2. Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Paragraph 1: State the objectives (goals or purpose) of the article. What is the article’s domain (topic area)? Paragraph 2: State whether the article is â€Å"conceptual† or â€Å"empirical†, and why you believe it is conceptual or empirical. Empirical articles and conceptual articles have a similar objective: to substantiate an argument proposed by the author. While a conceptual article supports such an argument based on logical and persuasive reasoning, an empirical article offers empirical evidence to support the argument. Empirical articles offer substantial, detailed evidence which the authors analyze using statistical methods. Empirical articles must include hypotheses (or propositions), detailed research results, and (statistical) analyses of this empirical evidence. Empirical research includes experiments, surveys, questionnaires, field studies, etc, and to limited degree, case studies. Conceptual articles may refer to such empirical evidence, but do not provide the detailed analysis of that evidence. 3. Brief Summary For an article review, do not spend much space summarizing the article. Instead focus on analysis of the article. Thus, in this section, summarize the article only very briefly. Paragraph 1: what is the problem or opportunity being addressed Paragraph 2: which solution is proposed (the solution could be a new model or a theory that explains the problem) Paragraph 3: what evidence is put forth that this solution is appropriate (If this is an empirical article, be sure to briefly describe what kind of empirical study was done as part of the evidence) 4. Results Very briefly summarize the important points (observations, conclusions, findings) in the article. Please do not repeat lists of items in the articles – just summarize the essence of these if you feel they are necessary to include. 5. Contributions. An article makes a â€Å"contribution† by adding to the knowledge of researchers in a research field. An article can make a contribution to the research field in many ways. Does it provide a new way to look at a problem? Does it bring together or â€Å"synthesize† several concepts (or frameworks, models, etc. ) together in an insightful way that has not been done before? Does it provide new solutions? Does it provide new results? Does it identify new issues? Does it provide a comprehensive survey or review of a domain? Does it provide new insights? Also, is it salient (relevant and current) to a particular scientific issue or managerial problem? Are the issues addressed introduced in a way that their relevance to practice is evident? Would answers to the questions raised in the article likely to be useful to researchers and managers? Note: Do not discuss the contributions of the technologies the article describes, but rather the contributions of the article itself! The article’s contributions should be original. Describe each contribution clearly in a separate paragraph or bullet point. Discuss why the contribution is important. Alternatively, if you believe the article makes no contributions, explain why clearly. 6. Foundation. Good research often is built upon theories and frameworks that other researchers have developed. Sometimes articles will be substantially based upon this prior work, and refer back to it in some detail. (Not all research articles will do this. ) Which theoretical foundations does this article and research build on, if any? In what ways? Include references/citations of the foundation work. (You can determine this in part from the works the article cites. )Note, however, that most works cited are not core foundational work, but rather just support certain aspects of the article. Similarly, do not confuse a general discussion of related topics as foundational work. If the article does not build upon key pieces of prior research, then write in your review â€Å"This article does not build upon any foundation research. † (If you do not state this explicitly, you will not receive credit for this section. ) 7. Synthesis with Class Materials Synthesis means analyzing a particular topic by comparing and contrasting it with, and thinking about it from the viewpoint of, the class materials from across the semester. These materials include the articles, models, frameworks, guidelines and other concepts we’ve covered. (Of course, only certain materials will be relevant for any given article. )Note: You have to do this synthesis! You need to relate this article to other things we have studied, so by definition you will not find this analysis in the article itself! You also could analyze the approach the author took to the article’s analysis and discussion. Discuss the article’s approach and results in terms of one or more of the frameworks, etc. , from the text or readings, or any you find elsewhere. As part of this analysis, reference other articles you’ve read, when appropriate. Compare the approach, results and contribution with all articles about similar topics or with a similar approach. For all of these, do your synthesis comparison in as much depth as you can! 8. Analysis Note: Many people assume this category is the same as â€Å"General Critique†. It is not. General Critique is a different category from this, and follows below. What has changed since the article was written? How do it’s lessons, ideas and theories still apply? To what extent has its issues been resolved? Additional Analysis Optionally, try applying the article’s models, frameworks and guidelines, etc. yourself. Do you find them useful? In addition, you may optionally add your own additional analysis in a separate subsection. (Do not repeat the author’s analysis in the paper – you could summarize this as part of the results section. ) 9. General Critique In this section you should state your opinions of how well (or poorly) the authors did their research and presented the research results in the article. Your critique can contain both positive and negative comments. Justify and explain in detail each of your critique points in a separate paragraph of at least 4-5 sentences. The following are suggestions only: Does it build upon the appropriate foundation (i. e. , upon appropriate prior research)? Did the authors choose the correct approach, and then execute it properly? How confident are you in the article’s results, and why? Are its ideas really new, or do the authors simply repackage old ideas and perhaps give them a new name? Do the authors discuss everything they promise in the article’s introduction and outline? What are the article’s shortcomings (faults) and limitations (boundaries)? Did it discuss all of the important aspects and issues in its domain (topic area)? In what way should the article have made a contribution, but then did not? Do the authors make appropriate comparisons to similar events, cases or occurrences? How complete and thorough a job did the authors do? Do the authors include an adequate discussion, analysis and conclusions? Did they justify everything adequately? Did they provide enough background information for the intended audience to understand it? For you to understand it? Were there adequate and appropriate examples and illustrations? Ask yourself these questions when justifying your critique points: why/why not? how? what distinguishes the differences/different approaches, and in what ways? 9. 1. Further Critique of a Conceptual Article (only for conceptual articles) A critique of a conceptual article examines the logic of the arguments made by the authors. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. Give examples whenever possible. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY: Do any parts of the article or research contradict or invalidate other parts? If so, have the authors acknowledged and explained this adequately? 2. COHERENCE: Does the article make sense? Did the authors approach this article (and this research) sensibly? Does the article develop an argument that follows a coherent line of reasoning? Are the boundaries of the argument reasonably well defined? Does the argument anticipate most, if not all, rival arguments? Does the article flow in a logical sequence? Do later parts build logically upon earlier parts? 3. SUBSTANCE: Does the article provide an argument or a line of reasoning that offers insight into important issues, or does it merely summarize previous studies in a shallow way that does not reflect depth of analysis? Does the article provide ways (a model, framework, guidelines, etc. ) to guide future thinking about the issue(s) the author is addressing? 4. FOCUS: Is there a clear audience that the authors address? Was the article written at the appropriate level for this audience? 9. 2. Further Critique of an Empirical Article (only for empirical articles) A critique of an empirical article examines the strength of the empirical evidence supporting the author’s argument. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. CLARITY: Is the article’s purpose and argument clear? Do the researchers clearly develop a major research question, proposition, or hypothesis that is to be evaluated in the empirical study and discussed in this article? If the study is exploratory (preliminary), is sufficient justification for an exploratory strategy given? 2. THEORETICAL GROUNDING: Is the researcher’s argument grounded in more basic theory? Is it clear whether the structure of the empirical study (i. e., what they do) was derived from theory, or just made up? In theory-building articles, is the need for new theory adequately established? 3. DESIGN OF RESEARCH INVESTIGATION: Is it clear exactly how the empirical study was carried out? Is the design of the research approach (field study, experiments, questionnaires, etc. – both contents and how they will be used) adequate to address the common threats to internal and external validity? Have appropriate controls been established, and is the selection of research sites justified? Are the hypotheses and experiments, etc., significant? 4. MEASUREMENT: Empirical studies can have quantitative measurements (i. e. , numeric results) and qualitative or subjective measurements. Are the measures used adequately described (i. e. , what is measured in the study and how)? Are data on the reliability and validity of these measures reported? Does the article feel anecdotal or solidly supported with evidence? For example, in case or field studies, are the results well documented? Is it clear who the subjects were, and with whom interviews were carried out? Were important results cross-checked, i. e., determined across a range of subjects or just gotten from one or two subjects? 5. ANALYSIS: Is the analysis of empirical data conducted properly? Do the data conform to the requirements of any statistical tests used? Are qualitative data adequately described and presented? 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In discussing the results of the empirical study, do the authors remain true to the actual findings of the study? Are the claims made in the conclusion of the article actually supported by the empirical data? If the study is exploratory, do the authors offer research questions or hypotheses for future research? 7. BIASES: Do the biases of the authors affect the design of the research or the interpretation of the results? Are the authors aware of potential biases and the affect on the study? 10. Issues (listed by the author) What open questions or issues has the author stated remain unresolved? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issue’s paragraph should take the following format: what is the issue? why do you believe this is an important issue? in what way is it unresolved suggestions for resolving it – if you give your own suggestions (instead of or in addition to the authors’, then precede each with â€Å"I would propose †¦ † If it has been resolved since the article was written, then state how it was resolved. 11. Issues (in your opinion) List several open questions or issues which remain unresolved in your opinion? For example, what possible future research questions could arise from this article? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issue’s paragraph should take the following format: what is the issue? why do you believe this is an important issue? in what way is it unresolved suggestions for resolving it 12. Questions List three insightful questions of your own, arising from this article. Do not ask definitions, but rather questions that really make one think. 13. Annotated Bibliography For every item you have cited in your report, you need a full reference and an annotation explaining it. List the full bibliographic references (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) for anything you have cited in your review. IMPORTANT: This is NOT the bibliography listed at the end of the article. It is the bibliographic references for any readings you yourself referred to inside your review. Write 2-4 sentences describing the article. Write 2-3 sentences describing why you cited it. 14. Citation Analysis Appendix If the article has no citations then write in that section â€Å"I found no citations in the [Science Citation Index or the Social Sciences Citation Index or on the Internet]. † Note, if your article has more than 20 citations, you only need to include a selection of them: State how many citations each index has and the Web search found List 1-2 citations for each year in which the article has been cited. Try to include citations from several different journals spread over your selection ? Include a citation analysis to see who has cited it and how.

Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 Essay

Looking closely at the characters and language in Romeo and Juliet, analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 William Shakespeare wrote â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† in 1954, although the basic plot can be traced back as early as the third century. In the play, Shakespeare relies heavily on the poem â€Å"The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet† by Arthur Brooke. Most of the people in the Elizabethan era were perceptive enough to concentrate on how the play was being performed and engaged themselves in the language the characters were using. Shakespeare’s audiences had different expectations towards his play, as many of them recognised the story already, they were settled enough to watch it providing the dramatist’s interpretation proved to be unique and original. I have been looking closely at Act 3, Scene 5 where Romeo and Juliet have just been secretly married. The scene opens with the two lovers having to part quickly after the Nurse informs Juliet her mother is swiftly approaching. Already a dramatic atmosphere is created, the audience is almost waiting for Romeo and Juliet to be caught out, this they know can simply not happen. Juliet is understandably tearful; Romeo is sympathetic towards her, showing he really cares for her: â€Å"I will omit no opportunity That will convey my greetings, love, to thee† All this is in comparison to later scenes in the play showing Juliet solitary and unsupported. Between the two lovers, there is a great difference, Romeo appears more optimistic than Juliet who is full of fear, sensing premonitions of her next seeing Romeo dead in a tomb. Her premonitions affect the audience, making them apprehensive and tense: â€Å"O God, I have an ill- divining soul! Methinks I see thee, now thou art so low As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. † The audience hears these harsh, severe words and are reminded of Romeo’s earlier startling premonition that he would die young: â€Å"†¦. My mind misgives Some consequence not yet hanging in the stars†¦.. By come vile forfeit of untimely death. † A chilling effect is created on those viewing the play as they start to realise and understand the significance of the two premonitions. By looking back into earlier scenes, dramatic effectiveness is created. Juliet uses language that shows how she is fearful of how her life with Romeo could easily be destroyed. She speaks to him strongly, showing a strong contrast to her soft words used previously. The strong bond that has been created between the two lovers before the audience’s eyes is momentarily going to be destroyed; tension is created as an aftermath of this feeling. This tension carries on and becomes hugely greater as the news of County Paris’ proposal is first heard of. The audience watch, already aware of the proposal, as the news is given to an extremely shocked Juliet. They wait anxiously for Juliet’s sake as she learns of it, and so a dramatic effectiveness is cast over them. The scene is made effective by the use of irony from Lady Capulet. As Lady Capulet refers to her â€Å"joyful tidings† and Juliet’s response is ironically a pleased one: â€Å"And joy comes well in such a needy time† But then the audience sees the real reason of Lady Capulet’s announcement and the hesitation of the crucial words proves to be highly dramatic, â€Å"Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride† Juliet’s intense anger would make great drama on stage, she shows her raging reaction well: â€Å"Now by Saint Peter’s church and Peter too He shall not make me there a joyful bride! † Juliet’s response shows exactly how she is feeling about the matter; she does not hold back at all. The audience knows the dilemma she is facing, one of bigamy, they are deeply involved and show much needed sympathy to Juliet. In the conversation that follows the cold and sharp language both Juliet and her mother used are very effective. Both sides address each other very formally, Juliet calling Lady Capulet, â€Å"My Lady†, â€Å"Mother† where Lady Capulet calls Juliet â€Å"girl† and â€Å"child†. This doesn’t seem to be the language one would expect from a close knit and loving family. This could lead to the conclusion that Juliet’s relationship is far from the relationship she has with Romeo; a loving and stable one. When Lord Capulet enters Juliet’s room, it proves to be a significantly dramatic scene because of the violence and fury portrayed by Lord Capulet. He arrives in her room in a threatening manner; his wife shows fear warning us to expect the worst, â€Å"Here comes your father. Tell him so yourself And see how he will take it at your hands. † Lord Capulet does not expect Juliet to disobey him, he would simply expect grateful thanks and obedience from his daughter. He portrays himself as someone who is used to getting his own way and the way that he regards himself as royalty emphasises to his huge ego and elevated formal language,†Have you delivered to our decree? † He shows great enthusiasm as he enters Juliet’s room, he seems delighted with his plan and congratulates himself on stage. Being the only man on stage, he is showing domination and the audience can see that he likes to be in control. He makes the women afraid; his centre role on stage shows this. The language that he uses is indeed very dramatic and effective. He poses questions to Juliet, being sharp and short when he does so showing how bewildered he is, and he vociferously attacks his daughter overwhelming her with numerous with numerous questions which she does not have time to answer, â€Å"How? Will she none? Doth she not give us thanks? † Capulet’s sentence construction is cleverly disjointed emphasising greatly on his anger that is building up rapidly. He shows more of an interest in finding a way to answer Juliet’s questions and his concern is more about his cleverness than the distress of his only daughter. He uses aggressive terms to Juliet, † you greensickness carrion†, † young baggage†, both examples are very aggressive and devegiating.

Personality Inventory of Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personality Inventory of Skills - Assignment Example Therefore, in a professional setting, being goal-oriented has, and would come in handy as relevant to achieving the target goals without the need to enlist the services of extra labor. Most especially working with children and families requires a goal-oriented person, to continuously offer the needed services without tiring or observing time. Nothing counts in a workplace or in any other environment, than being sure that the person to whom certain duties or responsibilities are delegated will execute them faithfully and satisfactorily. One of my professional qualities is that I am highly autonomous and dependable, such that I will faithfully execute the duties that are my responsibilities without being supervised or monitored. My dependable character draws from the fact that I am autonomous and self-disciplined, which then means that I will always focus on doing whatever it is that requires being done, without the need to be monitored. This is useful in the family and child services field, where offering services to families or children must be innately driven, rather than being pushed to offer the services. Serving families and children requires a lot of good will from the service provider, due to the complexity and sensitivity of the issues associated with children and family needs. It is therefore essential to have a person who will always be relied upon to do everything in the best interest of the children and families, without being followed up. Networking and connectedness is a professional quality that I uphold and value greatly. I have realized that in life, there is much success or satisfaction that comes with working with others, as opposed to individualism. There is always something to learn from other people, if an individual is interested in them. There is also challenge and motivation that comes along with associating with others, which brings in the desire to

American economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American economy - Essay Example The Constitution gave the country a framework to fall back on.Yet there were a lot more that needed to be plugged in.A judicial system did not exist and laws could not be framed.During 1789 to 1797,the Congress fleshed out the constitution,giving it the much-needed legal,bureaucratic,and military machThe conflict between the federalists and anti-federalists went from bad to worse and finally in 1800,the anti-federalists had their representative in the post of president – Thomas Jefferson.Washington had tried to lead the nation to greatness with the federal government.Jefferson intended to rescue the same nation from policies that had endangered its experiment in popular self-governance and had undermined the constitutional and social groundwork of a sound republican regime,from leaders whose commitment to democracy itself had seemed uncertain. The Jeffersonian democracy laid out political goals for the United States and reigned over American politics for two decades, 1800 â₠¬â€œ 1820s. Thomas Jefferson’s objectives for the country focused on the West. The spotlight was on the Yeoman farmers, who were the epitome of republican virtue and independence as compared to financiers and industrialists who were the pits of corruption. Soon after, in the years that followed, several anti-federalists were seen to join the Jeffersonian camp as well. The freedom of speech and freedom of the press were pedestalized and the anti-federalists believed that this was the only way in which to ensure that the government would not turn against its people. Violation of the rights of individuals and states were a serious offence and the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1789, that were secretly written by Jefferson and Madison publicized these principles. Despite this, this presidency witnessed an

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Final exam - Essay Example Switching from this form of negotiation to the integrative negotiation will involve the establishment of a relationship between the parties. This may be difficult because mutual trust will not be exhibited by the parties. A relationship may not be the final interest of the parties, hence they may decide to maintain their positions due to mistrust. Negotiators trying to make this switch should create a mutual environment of relationship. They should be ready to integrate the other parties’ interests and adopt a joint problem-solving initiative. They should avoid tricks, but the openness and use of fair principles is necessary. They should initiate a collective criteria that determines the other parties’ position and bargaining their interests on this basis. They should also seek a long-term relationship, hence promoting a win-win situation that is mandatory. Union negotiators find it difficult to make this switch because their interests are stipulated by the large group of union members. They cannot easily switch and consider the needs of the other party because they follow specific requirements that must be adhered to. Union negotiations occur at periods when the concerns are more employee oriented than company oriented. Therefore, they place their interests towards obtaining a specific goal for a large number of employees. Company negotiators represent a group of stakeholders who are flexible in their decisions. In a business situation, the company tends to look at the forces of the market to make the decision. The other parties also understand this force and they tend to be flexible to allow a win-win situation. The workers have a right to strike and the employers have a right to replace the workers if their negotiations become deadlocked. Employers have a right to permanently or temporarily replace striking employees. During a lockout, the employer can make temporary replacements in order to continue production; and not permanent

Enviromental Ethics of Cleaning up the Oceans Term Paper

Enviromental Ethics of Cleaning up the Oceans - Term Paper Example There are many reasons to affirm that all citizens of this world have ethical and moral responsibility to maintain the oceanic health, starting with the cleaning of its waters. Since, ages oceans have provided around half of the required oxygen to all living bodies on earth. Nevertheless, the detection of Dead Zones in several seas and oceans reveal that the marine life within such zones is starving for oxygen. This is mainly due to large scale dumping of agricultural and industrial waste into the oceanic waters. The exploitation of oceans has resulted in extinction of many races of sharks and other predatory fishes along with other species like turtles. Hence, it is the moral responsibility of all global citizens to gear up the efforts towards aggressive ocean cleaning. Various moral theories come up when discussing about the moral responsibility of human kind in saving the environment of this planet. However, main aspects of moral theory include the issues related to sustainability, compassion and participation. It is the duty of every citizen of world to ensure that all creatures and human beings are treated equally. The sustainability is the extension of this moral obligation, which defines the purpose of meeting the requirements of present generation, while ensuring that future generations are able to meet their needs sufficiently. It is in this context that human kind needs to understand its moral duty towards the preservation for oceanic marine life, which is one of the important supporters of human life system. If the ocean waters are not clean, the formation of dead zones will be frequent. This will deprive these waters of the vibrant marine life. We need to preserve marine life for the sake of our present and future generations. The action, which ensures that every one gets sufficient quantity of goods required to live in a

Perfusion-weighted imaging (PW) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) Essay

Perfusion-weighted imaging (PW) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - Essay Example Either endogenous or exogenous tracers (that is, either native or non-native) can be utilized to regulate haemodynamic quantities, for instance blood movement, blood capacity, and the average time it consumes for the tracer molecule to go through the tissue, or the average transit time. (Luypaert et al., 2001) 1-Exogenous tracer for example gadolinium 2- Utilizing arterial body fluid as an endogenous tracer. 2- Exogenous tracers Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) utilizing exogenous tracers confu on magnetic vulnerability and inflow influences to get haemodynamic stats. An exogenous tracer such as gadolinium (in the compound Gd-DTPA or gadolinium diethyltriamine pentaacetate) can be inoculated into the venous mechanism (Luypaert et al., 2001). There is a temporary signal loss as the gadolinium perfuse through the tissues, which can be trailed by MRI. Gd-DTPA is paramagnetic; consequently a change in susceptibility happens between capillaries comprising gadolinium and the nearby tissues . This consequences in robust field gradients in the vicinity of the vessel barriers, bringing to straight signal phasing out in both gradient echo illustrations and diffusion-mediated in spin echo illustrations. Simulation Figure 1: Graphic summary of perfusion-weighted MRI procedure when utilizing intravascular tracers Figure 1 Simulation Figure 2 reveals perfusion-weighted illustrations as gadolinium goes through the brain. There is a postponement before the bolus of tracer blowouts the tissue. As it initializes to rinse through, the signal reduces. As it goes out, the signal returns to normal. Figure 2 Gd appear like to an exogenous tracer that is inoculated into the blood stream and trailed serially with T2*EPI. A signal loss is persuaded every time that GD goes through the capacity of concentration due to the susceptibility influences from the paramagnetic tracer. As it goes through the vessels, a strong gradient is created at the vessel boundaries, which hints to a decrease o f the signal. This damage of signal is proportionate to the concentration of gadolinum. The signal versus time curve can be utilized to make the concentration time curve, which is deconvoluted to get haemodyamic outcomes such as blood movement, blood capacity, and average transit time. Dynamic imaging takes benefit of passing variations in the resident magnetic arena of the adjacent tissue persuaded by a bolus of paramagnetic tracer going through the tissue capillary system. These variations in the native magnetic field can be dignified as signal variation on Magnetic Resonance imaging. Ultrafast illustration methodologies, for example echo planar and helical MR imaging, permit the correct dimension of quickly changing signal variations that are because of the principal permit of the bolus with satisfactory time-based resolution which less than 2 seconds for exposure of the whole brain (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1999). Signal time progress stats can then be transformed to com parative tracer tissue absorption time progression info. Tracer application time curvatures can then be examined to regulate numerous tissue hemodynamic factors, for example tissue blood capacity, blood movement, transportation time, and bolus

Master of Science Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Master of Science Strategic Marketing - Essay Example pa from North Carolina University considers that ‘a business model is the methods of doing business by which a company can sustain itself, that is, generate revenue. The business model spells out how a company makes money by specifying where it is positioned in the value chain’ (Rappa, 2005). But the fast changing socio-economic dynamics have created a fiercely competitive business environment, necessitating changes in the role and techniques of traditional marketing to encompass broader parameters of business performance. Thus, an effective marketing strategy becomes intrinsic to the management strategy that significantly impacts the overall business performance outcome. Levitt argued that the marketing takes into account the preferences of the customers and thereby builds a solid customer loyalty that result in sustainable customer base that has potential for growth because it continues to satisfy the changing requirements of their needs (Levitt, 1960). While the traditional role of marketing was confined to selling the products which meet the demands of the people, the fast changing paradigms of business have necessitated drastic shift in the approach to traditional marketing strategy. Wilson and Gilligan (2003) have argued that market has become more complex and highly competitive in the contemporary environment of fast advancing technology and rapid globalization. They further assert that ‘marketing is increasingly being conceptualized as an organizational philosophy or ‘an approach to doing business’ (Wilson and Gilligan, 2003, p4). The increasingly changing pattern of society and the influence of technology need to be addres sed in the wider application of social imperatives and included in all spheres of public and private business strategy. McDonald is an exemplary example of using new age market strategy that has shown profit even in the recessive economy! It has become important to introduce effective strategic goals and managerial controls

Visual aesthetics in movie Once upon a time in the west, and Frida Essay

Visual aesthetics in movie Once upon a time in the west, and Frida - Essay Example In rare form, the films aesthetics skillfully incorporates Kahlo's paintings into real scenes, often focusing for several minutes on the slight differences between realized canvas and filmed reality. The visuals are one of the film's strongest points. The same fluid efficiency that the direction produces during the scenes focused on the interplay between paint and flesh impressively permeates the whole film. The camera work, lighting and costumes assist in producing the aesthetic visualizations of the film. Another part of the movie's visual aesthetic is the rather stilted animations that occur between certain scenes of the film. Borrowing images from Kahlo's work and almost always centered on death another very visible theme of the movie, these transitions are eerie and strangely powerful. A scene early in the film, when Rivera is proposing to Kahlo, he tells her that while he can never be faithful, he promises at least his loyalty. The film itself makes a similar promise to its audience, and while in one sense "Frida" isn't worthy of its subject, it always remains loyal to her aesthetics. The film's constant visual backdrop is of a new town in the process of being built in the middle of the desert, a town that will be called Sweetwater, due to its valuable water supply which will be an important way station for the comin

Understanding of culture and cultural differences as fundamental for Essay

Understanding of culture and cultural differences as fundamental for international marketing - Essay Example The researcher states that culture and cultural differences has not only impacted on the effectiveness of firms with respect to international competitiveness, but has also progressively generated negative effects regarding efficient usage of international marketing resources. Success of international firms is basically dependent on their international marketing strategies that incorporate cross-cultural intelligence aspects. Moreover, international marketing professionals continuously seek to understand global cultures and cultural differences that exist in the international specific markets ventured. Understanding cultural variations that exists among customers and target markets is important for developing an international marketing strategy that is universal and covers all customer needs. Application and outcome of professional marketing largely depends on the extent to which cultural differences are evident among customers. Firm’s competitiveness in the international marke t recognizes cross-cultural factors as determining factors with which comprehensive information is gathered from the various markets to enable formulation of best marketing strategies. Generally, cross-cultural analysis in the international market is similar to domestic market analysis, although international analysis places much emphasis on cultural aspects due to cross border cultural variations. However, domestic markets have also continued to diversify their cultures although as much as the international markets. ... However, domestic markets have also continued to diversify their cultures although as much as the international markets. Political, cultural, and social barriers and variation in the international markets have remained significant challenges to multinational companies that fail to recognize variations, and thus need for different business strategies. Nevertheless, international marketing strategies are more complex and sophisticated with respect to cross border variations as compared to domestic marketing strategies (Rugimbana & Nwankwo, 2003, p.331). International marketing recognizes a variety of cultural aspects that define one country’s culture from the other. Culture is defined and differentiated by technologies with regards to timing, moving, storing, analyzing, and producing information, as well as motives, accuracy, types, timeliness of data collection, language barriers, ethical standards, and attitudes of individuals collecting information. Different clients from dif ferent cultures seek to satisfy similar needs in different ways, which constitute cultures and common practice. Marketing professionals need to devise marketing strategies and products that are not biased to a particular culture, and are able to cover all cultural needs in question. Through research and information analysis, marketing professionals are able to understand the different needs of their customers with regards to their cultural variations. Cross-cultural analysis is carried out by relevant marketing professionals on the target markets of the firms they work for. International marketers seek to analyze particular cultures and the differences pertaining to their marketing strategies using relevant models of study and analysis. Here, cross-cultural research models used by

Effects of Foreign Direct Investment Essay Example for Free

Effects of Foreign Direct Investment Essay The possible positive and  negative effects of FDI  inflows Ing. Tomà ¡Ã… ¡ Dudà ¡Ã… ¡, PhD. Possible positive effects FDI provides capital which is usually missing  in the target country Long term capital is suitable for economic  development Foreign investors are able to finance their  investments projects better and often cheaper Foreign corporations create new workplaces Possible positive effects FDI bring new technologies that are usually  not available in the target country. There is empirical evidence that there are spillover effects as the new technologies usually spread beyond the foreign corporations Foreign corporations provide better access to  foreign markets Ex. Foreign corporations can provide useful  contacts even for their domestic subcontractors Possible positive effects Foreign corporations bring new know-how and  managerial skills into the target country Again, there is a spill-over effects – as people leave the corporations they leave with the knowledge and know-how  they accumulated Foreign corporations can help to change the economic  structure of the target country With a good economic strategy governments can attract  companies from promising and innovative sectors Possible positive effects â€Å"Crowding in† effect The foreign corporations often bring additional  investors into the target country (ex. their usual subcontractors) Foreign corporations improve the business  environment of the target country Ethical business or rules of conduct Possible positive effects Foreign corporations bring new â€Å"clean†Ã‚  technologies that help to improve the  environmental conditions Foreign corporations usually help increase the  level of wages in the target economy Foreign corporations usually have a positive  effects on the trade balance Possible negative effects Foreign corporations may buy a local company  in order to shut it down (and gain monopoly  for example) â€Å"Crowding out† effect We can see this effect if the foreign corporations  target the domestic market and domestic  corporations are not able to compete with these  corporations Possible negative effects Foreign corporations may cut working  positions (privatization deals or MA  transactions) Foreign corporations have a tendency to use  their usual suppliers which can lead to  increased imports (no problem if the  production is export driven) Possible negative effects Repatriation of the profits can be stressful on the  balance of payments The high growth of wages in foreign corporations  can influence a similar growth in the domestic  corporations which are not able to cover this growth  with the growth of productivity  The result is the decreasing competitiveness of domestic  companies Possible negative effects Missing tax revenues If the foreign corporations receive tax holidays or  similar provisions The emergence of a dual economy The economy will contain a developed foreign  sector and an underdeveloped domestic sector Possible negative effects Possible environmental damage  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Incentive tourism†

Leadership And Change Management At Mcdonalds Commerce Essay

Leadership And Change Management At Mcdonalds Commerce Essay This report is conducted on McDonalds. In 1st section focus on change and resistances to change, real examples of change process and its implementation, scope of change at McDonalds and possible resistances and conflicts to change at McDonalds. The last section provides management role for making effective plan and strategies to implementation of new change in this way minimise the resistance from employees resistances against this change. Table of Contents Section Name of Contents Page no. 1 McDonald Profile 4 2 Change and Resistance to Change. 6 3 Real example of change process and its implementation. 7 4 Scope of Change at McDonalds. 8 5 Resistances and Conflicts to change at McDonalds. 10 6 Recommendations 13 7 Conclusion 16 8 References 17 cDonalds Profile: McDonalds started his business in 1940 with 1st restaurant opened in San Bernardino, California by Richard. It was the result of the thoughts of two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonalds who introduced a new revolutionary restaurant Speedee Service System in 1948 which was established on principles of the modern  fast-food restaurant. Speedee completely replaced with  Ronald McDonalds  by 1967. 1st time used as trademark on the name McDonalds on May 4, 1961, with the description Drive-In Restaurant Services which is still continues until end of June, 2010. The logo trademark on an overlapping, double arched M symbol was introduced in Sep 13 1961. The M double overlapped arched symbol logo was temporarily disfavoured by September 6, 1962. The modern double arched M symbol started in November 18, 1968. (McDonalds , 25 August , 2010 ,http://www.mcdonalds.co.uk ) The list of inventions, the Big Mac in 1968, the Egg McMuffin in 1973, the Happy Meal for children in 1979, or Chicken McNuggets in 1983 .At the present time, McDonalds have more than 31,000 restaurants in 119 different countries of the world of which a lot are franchised. (www.mcdonals.com.uk) McDonalds vision is to become worlds best and quick service experience restaurant for this purpose McDonalds delivering outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. In mission statements includes best employer or our people in each community around the world, excellent operational for delivery to customers and enduring profitable growth by expanding the brand and leveraging strength of McDonalds through innovation and technology McDonald Corporation ,2010) Change and Resistance to Change: According to Rev. Sharon Patterson that which people want to changes are babies who have wet diapers. We can be explained that change is an effort that consists of actual physical changes to operations and different exciting incentive is really painful process in the workplace (Bernerth, 2004) Change Process Model Though we all know and believe that progress means change, and we all want and need progress, but not even the prospect of attaining profit from change that everyone will ready and willing to hold change. On the other hand, it is widely believed and trust that most would resist change, (Duck, 1993) According to Duck (1993) bluntly he pointed out that change is intensely personal. but according to Petersen (2002) reckons that for many people, the spectre of change produces Factor of Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt. (Peterson, 2002) Since change is widely accepted all over the world as almost always from top management to down and its brings by the management, those people which are only being managed would also always show resist against change, before imposing change or before forward change its duty of manager to make a such type framework which should be overcome over all resistance before implementation. (Peterson, 2002) Resistance to change can be defined as its a perceived behaviour of organization members which are refuse to accept any change within organization. (Cheng Petrovic-Lazarevic, 2004).James Hunt says Resistance isnt an indication that something is wrong with what you are trying to change. It is an indication that something is happening. Ansoff defined Resistance as its only cause of creation unexpected delays, costs and instabilities into the process of strategic change (Ansoff, 1988). Resistance is any employee behaviour trying to stop or delay in any change. (Bemmels and Reshef 1991) Real example of the change process and its implementation. British Airways. Past in 1981, British Airways hired on board of Directors a new chairperson.  When this chairperson joined, he noticed that the company was very unproductive and was wasting a lot of valuable resources in useless activities.  To make the organization efficient and increasing the profit ratio he decided to restructure the entire organization.  He realized that Change Methodology Management Plan is the best way to serve that purpose. (Jean Scheid, 2010) Systematically, the British airways started reducing workforce.  But, before started this, through his change management leadership, the chairman gave the all reasons for the restructuring and privatization of the company in order to prepare them for the future change.  He directed his company through a hard time that could have been terrible without  effective change management resistance communication just only through his Leadership Communication (Jean Scheid, 2010) Scope of the Change at McDonalds. The scope of this change for McDonalds is limited to the application of the Integrated marketing Communication (IMC) as part of the marketing strategy of the McDonalds. In this change, the most important area that had been given attention is the advertising and promotional campaign of the company.   Usually, advertisement or promotional activities are concerned as an open sponsorship of offering products, services and any ideas through the use of any mode of communication. In this purpose, there are different kinds of mode of communication or media which are use for advertising and promotional campaign. Basically, in this new Integrated marketing Communication (IMC) theme will be major focus on advertising and sales promotion activities. Particularly this change will give importance to the Integrated Marketing Campaign (IMC) as part of the marketing strategy of the McDonalds. (McDonald Corporation , 2009) Basic aims of Integrated Marketing Campaign to take on a new health-conscious rule that would be constant with the latest trend of health awareness and the growing concern in corpulence among children and target market. In addition, its aim is to  introduce the implementation of a new and separate menu of low fat for children, planned to counter the rising bad publicity being thrown at McDonalds. The company is well known that this new strategy which most concerns with the health of consumer would effectively inform both children and parents regarding the nutritional value of new, McKids Meals, and how these meals are different from the traditional McDonalds meals.  In addition, the implementation of the new innovation namely Integrated Marketing Communication might be able to provide an effective advertising and public relations campaign that would successfully introduce the new McDonalds change to the world. For implementation of this new change in the organization, the company has been able to create a team that would be responsible for all essential matters related this change.(McDonald Corporation, 2009) The major focus of this change would be on the sale promotion and advertising, not only to mention other marketing mix which would be included and participated to make successful this innovation or change. Today McDonalds different kinds of menu for kids had faced different criticism, mostly in terms of its nutritional contents. The Integrated Marketing Communication has been implemented only changing public image towards the McDonalds. We can say Integrated Marketing Communication is a technique for ensuring that a companys mission and vision is included and promoted in every advertisement or promotion that will be happened (McDonald Corporation,2009) According to Forgeson and Green Basically there are three major categories of change resistances are organizational, group and individual. The following are resistance or conflicts faced by McDonalds during implementation of this change: McDonalds employees and customers, McDonalds organizational culture and behaviour. (Mabin, Forgeson Green, 2001) Resistances and Conflicts to change at McDonalds:   1st resistances due to reactions of the McDonalds staff and customers of the company , some employees are in favour of this new change and some are against this new change mean using the Integrated Marketing communication. Managers and some employees only against this change due to fear, they think might be this change instead of resolving problem it will increase the problems of the company. There are not only employees have negative reaction towards this change but also customers are not showing positive reaction towards this campaign so it lead o another conflict in the shape of not positive attitude of customers towards this new change in this way McDonalds cant achieve benefit from this change as whole of the company.   One more resistance against this new change of the company the shortage of qualified personnel in company who assigned the maintaining these tasks to maintaining crew and application of this new marketing change but they are not much professional so this is the conflict in the way of new change. In strategic implementation of the change there are lot of barriers and enablers which are attributed as the main factors for the success or failure of the implemented changes. Barriers may include different resources which are not may be available for the innovation process. These include insufficient financial budget, organizational or stakeholder resistance to change and ineffective used of communication media. One more of the conflicts or resistances that may arise in the implementation of change in an organisation are the absence of support in sustaining the success that can be achieved in the change process. (Cheng Petrovic-Lazarevic, 2004) According to Carlopio Innovation is a social process that should be undertaken in a regular phases and not just a decision event so within McDonalds these forces are the ones attributed which may hinder strategic implementation of the innovation. The company may not be able to implement the Integrated Marketing Communication as part of its marketing strategy lacking of one of these hurdles, or incapability to handle these hurdles effectively, the company may not be able to implement the Integrated Marketing Communication as part of its marketing strategy.(Carlopio, 1998) The difference in culture between the different employees of the organization is another inner conflict. Due to difference in cultures in McDonald in different members of the company so in this way they unable to do work in pleasant environment and in good way and also this cultural leads to create difficulties in the way of implementation of new change in organization. According to Wilkins Dyer the administration and management of the management of McDonalds must be identify and understand those subcultures that might provoke a work environment more or less empowering than the larger organizational system at the time of assessing the interaction between culture and empowerment. (Wilkins Dyer, 1988). Recommendation: In restaurant industry managers play vital role in any change so in this way what McDonalds managers pay specific attention at the time of implementation and initiating change towards reducing possible resistances and achieve better organization performance. Manager is the person who initiating and start the change and employees have to accept and adopt it. Through Effective communication, perception of managers actions, employees attitude and harmonious working situation can be overcome resistances to change and also play important role in attaining better organizational performance. Implementation of Change in the Restaurant Industry Effective communication is the most important components in restaurant industry and played a vital role in the success of organizational operations. Effective communication is very important among the managers and employees and among the employees to employees.Good listening skills are the essential for a successful manager of any organization specially in fast growing fast food industry. Before, after and during the change process managers should carefully listen to the employees opinion and should modify the new change according to the opinion of the employee. For implementation of successful change in organization it is compulsory for manager he should always alert regarding employees reaction towards change. McDonalds Managers should realize that if employees against that change and dont want to cooperate with them so in this way customer service delivery will get worse. Conflict may arise amongst colleagues and managers when employees resist change. In this way employees may not perform well which directly effecting reputation of restaurant and might be it will also become cause of resignation of employees. So befre implementation of new change McDonalds managers listen very carefully arguments of employees and change the situation according the time need and should avoid the create bad environment in which employees proved poor environment for work and end all go for resignation. Not only this but also they should encourage the employees for better service and development of performance of the company as well as the employees.. So there should be a framework for possible improvement in efficient working system and better customer service within a working environment. This framework indicates and encourage to both parties managers and employees should look for a better technique of getting things done. We should clear one thing improvement always goes along with change. If there is no improvement, it means no change in this way restaurant will most likely become sluggish in particular when unforeseen circumstances or events occur restaurants and that time might be it will very difficult to keep pace with competitors. Managers should also provide a pleasant environment to employee for keeping happy to workers and cheerful staff will contribute to higher level of motivation and high performance. High-spirited employees would be able to creation and maintain harmonious working relationship with workmates. Managers should always maintain and keep a lovely pleasant environment for employees to keep them motivated because stressful environments always negatively impact the restaurant (A Paton, R. and Maccalman, J. ,2008) Further more, the success of the new change is still under process and difficult to convert the children attitude towards healthy fast food meals. But at the other hand, there are very strong chance for this success due to strong campaign and promotion activates for prompting the characteristics of the this new change. Furthermore, McDonalds should assure the message has been reached to every child in 119 countries where McDonalds is serving for this purpose help from every type media is the best strategy. There should be a new theme for new advertisement I love it even more! and hopefully this new theme and way of advertisement will inspire the parents and also encourage the childrens towards healthy food. This campaign should be long lasting, strong concerned on healthy characteristics of this new change and should be in friendly way like kiddie-friendly way. If McDonalds carefully make plan and use best strategy and good and effective method for implementation of this new change so there are bright chance of the success of this new change and in this way company can achieve very easily mission and objectives of the company. The most concerned of this company to give image of health conscious which is good match with the latest trend of health conscious measures for this world and also for the future world. Conclusion: According to Beverage the management change leaders must be willing to keep their fingers on the pulse of the organization, by monitoring what is working and what is not working and in the change process.   The management must create s safe environment for changes, reassure, support, and commitment on the organization in order to application the strategy of change effectively and successfully (Beverage (2003) Therefore, it is concluded that, changes of management is not bad until they enhance the competitiveness and power of an industry. If any change implicated through proper planning and investigation so it will be very effective and will also increase the performance of the organization. So organizations should impose the any change at the right time when studies proved that no time of change. Because we dons forget the change management system not only critical and complex but also very sensitive so only one wrong decision of any company in any change might be it push company to in under clouds and prove harmful for organization profit and inspite giving development instead company feel difficult to survive in perfect market. This is strongly recommendation for McDonalds that must see and again and again ensure that future changes are well very planned there implication is very carefully because these changes will be cause of the success /or failure of any company.

Chhota Bheem Tell Amoral Values

Chhota Bheem Tell Amoral Values Television has become the trend setter and also watching television is not only for entertainment rather it reflects the socio-cultural phenomenon of the society. Now a days every morning there are hundreds of celebrities are waiting to see our children via television window. It says many things such as from good morning to good night. Television brings their dream world in to the magic screen. A cartoon was defined as an animated program with a sequence of events scheduled for television viewing on a regular basis. The virtual cartoon characters take the opportunity to make the children happy for ever through various ways such as telling different stories, attractive wardrobe, action, language etc., Television becomes the suitable medium for the source of entertainment for the people in the world especially for children. Since 1950, educational psychologists, parents and media experts have been started scrutinizing television and its programs. According to 2011 census data, 31.1% are children among the total population in India. On the other hand, Worlds third largest television market is India with 138 million television households. The annual growth of Indian television industry is doubled in the past two decades. It absolutely diverse from what children is seeing in the real world, but somehow it is connected to it. Todays children will be the tomorrows leader. Considering children as a vital social element is significant in the multiethnic society. According to TV viewership ratings (TVR) 2011, most popular and animated series of childrens genre got 85% of viewership and around 76% of content in cartoon programs were telecast only in English in the same year. But later on due to the demand from the viewers side, regional languages also have been considered in the year 2012. Doordarshan was the only channel to telecast mythological stories such as Ramayana (1987) and Mahabharata (1989). These were the first programs produced and those programs created a world record in viewership. But today globalization widens the path and gives tremendous change in the media industry especially in television. There are thousands of programs and hundreds of channels are available in India. Through the small screen, several fictional characters are getting fame even in the national and international level. Through the benefits of creating virtual ambiance in the cartoon programs, broadcasters easily grab the childrens attention. For example, kids most favorite channels such as Cartoon Network and Pogo were telecast 25,000 episodes of animation content in the year 2011. Producing animation content is not a tough job, but it consumes more time than producing an non-animated content(Young, 2012). Making a bond with children by telling stories has been practiced from several centuries ago. Even today, when we hear the following words Once up on a time, we could remember the same words said by our grandparents or parents to us. The story telling process is not merely as passing the time. Through telling stories, we can inculcate positive effects such as changing attitude, behavior on children. Instigating stories could make a child to follow moral values that can happen to the morality of life. The most important points in telling stories to children is what type of stories have been taught and how it was described to them. Parents should not think like story telling is a part of bed-time entertainment; but that could be the time to pass on the moral values to them. Story telling creates mutual bond between parents and their kids. With the disintegration of joint families, the concept of telling stories is also gradually diminishing. This, in addition to the proliferation of mass media, has replaced the family members by television. There is an argument that telling stories to children through television programs may have an impact on their personality and development. In contrast, there is a counter argument that telling stories better than allowing them an extra hour to sit with a computer or television. There are many ways for the parents to tell a story such as past life incidents, experiences and what they would listen from their parents. Apart from these, our culture has a mixture of mythological stories such as Ramayana and Mahabharata. Review of Literature The consequences of television have been analyzed by parents, media specialists, practitioners, communication experts and social reviewer from the year 1950 onwards. Television has the control on childrens metacognitive, shared, expressive and other behaviors (Mares Woodard, 2001). Television sets an example of dyadic communication and several areas of family life. Children are admired by the television; because of showing numerous child characters. Children show more interest in watching television programs which consists of several child characters (Schmitt, Anderson Collins, 1999). Morals are also passed on to generations. Finding out the source of different moral stories are difficult, because it has come from various parts of the world. But in India, most of the stories have said and it originates from Aesop. Aesop tales are quite popular among children in India. In the same way, there are several types of stories have been taught in India. Panchatantra tales are famous and it consists of Indian stories very similar to the Aesops fable are based on animals kingdom. Jataka tales deals with the people who believe in reincarnation, i.e. life after death. These are the life stories as different life forms, conveying the message of honesty. Aesops fables area also quite popular. All children like their pet animals. Those kinds of stories make a deal with birds or animals. There are 100 stories only on animal kingdom and brilliantly attached with the moral. Children can focus their brain power with Birbal, King Akbars famous intelligent and clever consultant. Myths and legends are the combined segment of human life. Those are surrounded us forever. There are 140 and more varieties of mythological stories consist several values (Moral Stories for Kids, n.d.). According to Bennett (1995a, b) children must hear moral stories in order to develop good values and moral literacy. Believers of conventional character education state that, listening moral stories in one of the important aspect of moral education. A child acquires idea about how vital it is to live with a good quality and getting a better comprehension of the moral life by reading or listening a moral story (Narvaez, 2002). In the case of Malaysia, we found that the programs generally contained more positive values than negative ones, whether they were of local or foreign origins. This is due to strict censorship imposed by the government. Although both foreign and local programs can challenge the societys basic norms and values, the challenges must be balanced, conservatively expressed and ultimately have a positive contribution to humanity in the eyes of the censors. In this case, neither the program nor channel origin matters. We postulated that in a society with government censorship, the appearance of negative or positive values in television is not determined by the programs place of origin, but by the censors own values and perceptions(Hagiwara et al., 1999). Traditionally our children would have been heard from parents, grandparents, neighbors, and friends; but now many of the stories they hear from the accumulation of media performed by various fictional characters (Charlotte, 2010). In the earlier times children were used to play out with their peers, friends, and had done some kind of physical activities like cycling, playing construction games etc.,. But now the scenario has changed. Today television locked the children with in the four walls. Especially cartoon channels are making them fun and it has become a great pass time for children.(Chanda, 2008). According to Williams (1993), A theme expresses a pattern among story components in a form that is abstracted from the specific story context, and it also comments on that pattern in some way. The comment need not be evaluative. Thus, we define a theme as involving a commentary attached to a core concept. On the other hand theme is known as the idea that holds the story together, such as a comment about society, human nature, or the human condition (as cited in Lukens, 1982). Taylor (1986) studied the ability of children aged 9 -11 year old is easy to narrate an expository text in a story rather than summarizing. Goldman et al. (1984) examined the understanding of stories among children aged between 5 to 12. The cognitive structure of children aged below 10 would not make them to extract a theme. This could happen because of projecting expository text and idealistic fictional stories(Narvaez, 2002). According to Dick Cook, chairman of The Walt Disney Studios said, Animation is a new and rapidly expanding area in India, and the collaboration between Disney and Yash Raj Film studios will bring the very best in story-telling and cutting edge technology together as we make wonderful films that appeal to the entire family(Puljal, 2008). Earlier, only cartoon network channel was there to telecast foreign cartoon progrmas. But later on, local made programs were also telecast in order to cover the people. At first, new animation content creators took encouragement from the lowest hanging fruit available to them popular tradition, inspiring movies like Hanuman, Krishna and Ramayana. Then came fictionalizing these mythological stories with shows such as Krishna Balram where characters based on these mythologies were placed in fictional plots. Now, we are at a stage where the linkage to mythology has dwindled further. Series like Chhota Bheem on Pogo and Roll No. 21 on Cartoon Network just have character names similar to those in mythology. Statement of the problem Since our childhood to till adolesent , we have been listening to stories. In an earlier times, our parents, grandparents have been telling different genres of stores with morals at the end. They know, the value system of each child would be determined by what kind of stories have been taught, how often it is repeated and how far the family members have been practiced the same.Today plenty of storeis have been tausht by television programs. The purpose of this study is to provide much more specific way of looking at the content of childrens most favorite cartoon television program Chhota Bheem, to determine the degree and form of moral values in a story to children. Research Questions The study has been done based on the following objectives. Does Chhota bheem program teach moral values to children? How many episodes in Chhota Bheem program contains moral values? What kind of stories does Chhota Bheem program tell? Do the contnet of Chhota Bheem is appropriate to real life? Methodology It is a study of television deals with what is really there on the screen. This study specifically analysed the content of Chhota Bheem cartoon program which is aired in the POGO channel. 40 episodes have been recorded for the period of four months from June to September 2012. Repititions have not been taken in to account. Each episode runs approximately 12 minutes to 14 minutes time duartion. The study had been analysed totally 615 minutes of the total episodes. Each program is analysed based on the verbal and non-verbal elements which may consists of moral values. Theoritical Perspective Social learning theory According to Albert Bandura (1977), cartoon television programs are designed for children repeatedly implementing social learning theory. For example, Chhota Bheem, a childrens television program, the protagonist present with a condition of how to tackle the situation and how to be an honest person and maintaining friendship forever. The result is, the children learning about the problem solving techniques, the quality of being honest are done by observing the discoveries presented by the actors. This way the concept of social learning is applied. Labeling theory Labeling theory is an extension of social learning theory; otherwise known as social reaction theory. According to Howard Becker, it involves how learning can occur by attaching or imposing labels, titles and attributesreal or unrealto others. For example, in Chhota Bheem cartoon television program the characters of various ethnic groups to behave a certain way, accidentally creating a universal stereotype not reflective of reality. As the viewing audience of that group becomes saturated with labels falsely representing their behaviors, may learn through observation how to behave specific to the fiction being propagated, and thus the label becomes reality. Cultivation theory According George Gerbner (1976) the primary proposition of cultivation theory states that the more time people spend living in the television world, the more likely they are to believe social reality portrayed on television (Wikipedia, 2012). Television cultivates from infancy the very predispositions and preferences that used to be acquired from other primary sources The repetitive pattern of televisions mass-produced messages and images forms the mainstream of a common symbolic environment. Due to its accessibility and availability to the masses, television has become the central cultural arm of our society(Gerbner, 1979). Findings and Analysis Concept: A small incident happens in every story in the program and this is all about how Chhota Bheem and his Friends handle the every circumstance and finding solution for every problem. Program: The tile song consists of 54 consequetive shots and among those 12 shots deals with good values. The Jingle contains five good values associated with it. Visuals contain 60% of positive values such as kindness to people and animals, showing responsibility, being generous, helping, tolerance and unity; remaining part consists of neagive values such as fighting with people or animals, showing eating laddoos always, bullying others and gender discrimination. Figure 1 represent that majority of stories in Chhota Bheem program teach moral values to children. Relatively positive values are dominated than negative value. This signifies that the portrayal of the characters in the scene and the way they taught stories to children. There is a significant difference in showing poitive values and negative values in the program. Chhota Bheem is a very well known cartoon program among children now days. The overall programs are based on short stories or on short incidents which are held in and around Dholakpur. The program, which describes the feats of Chhota Bheem and his team of friends, is an original co-production between Turner International India and Hyderabad-based Green Gold studios. Fresh episodes are telecast in the prime time zone that is every day evening 6 p.m. In this program Chhota Bheem and his all Friends Chutki, Jaggu and Raju sit together under the tree and are playing with each other. They all are fun loving and always ready to help each other and to the needy people. They all are good by heart. The characteristics of each character have listed below. Characters: Bheem: Chhota Bheem is a nine-year-old kid who lives with gang of friends in the fictional town called Dholakpur. The character is inspired by the legendary Bheem from the Mahabharata. The protagonist of the show is Bheem. He is very powerful, intelligent and he is always ready to help others when anyone is in danger or in any problem. He never feels proud on his strength and always loves his Friends and everyone. He is stronger than anyone else. He respects every human being and always helps needy and poor people. His smartness and confidence can easily be shown on his face. He is a lovable character and like an ideal for the children. He loves to take Laddoo every time whenever he feels weak; he likes to have Laddoo and regains his power after that. He also loves to eat Bananas. Chutki: Chutki is a female character and a friend of Bheem. She is the sweetest character in this program. Her Pink Cheeks, Crystal Clear Eyes, Cute Voice and Two Tails make her much sweeter than others. She loves her friends and always takes care of them. She also helps her mother in house chores. She always helps Bheem by giving him Laddoos on right time so that he can save everyone from the bad situation. Jaggu: Jaggu is also a friend of Bheem. He is a monkey who can speak to people. He is naughty by his character. He has fun with his friends and also helps them whenever needs. His voice is also very funny. Raju:Â   Raju is the cutest character in this program. He looks very cute and innocent with only two front hairs, one tooth and with his Blue innerwear. His sweet voice and his innocent actions show that he is naughty. Kalia: Kalia is a Pahalwaan in Dholakpur Village and always feel jealous of Bheem because of his smartness and power. He is the competitor of Bheem. He always tries to prove himself better, more powerful and smarter than Bheem but always all in vain just because of his foolishness. Dholu-Bholu: Dholu-Bholu is twins and so they look alike. They are the followers of Kalia but they never do believe on him while in any danger they believe on Bheem. Sometimes they help their guru Kalia but he never gave them any attention. Indumati: Indumati is the only daughter of King of Dholakpur Indravarma. She is also very cute. Sometimes she also joins Bheem and his Friends for some fun. She doesnt like Kalia because she always had an idea about kalia is very jealous about Bheem and his behavior is always troublesome. On the other hand, she has a soft corner with Bheem and others are friends. She always recommends seeking help from Bheem whenever the crisis occurs. Indravarma: Indravarma is the King of this village who is very kind-hearted caring about all the villagers. He believes only on Bheem whenever any danger comes on the village. He always takes care of all the villagers. Villagers of Dholakpur: Since it is a small village, the people of Dholakpur are considerably less. The shops and houses are looking similar of how we had in the earlier times. The ambiance looks real and it make us to believe. When ever the problem comes they used to inform Maharaj Indravarma. Implications We had been listened stories from our parents and grand parents. Those stories strightly had a moral at the end. At the same time, the concept and the characters in those stories were real and it could be adapted with the real life situations. Today the conent in the childrens televisions program are turned in to commercial. But Choota Bheem run successfully because of the name of the character and portrayal of his behavior, proving team spirit through out the program. On the other hand, though Bheem has always been portrayed as good person generally, in one episode they show him as stealing laddoos.Later on his action is justified by stating that he was hungry. At the end of the story, he threw a rock to stop flowing valcano. The impractical situations and behaviors signifies only fantasizing the spectators rather telling good values in an acceptable manner. In such a way, oneday Bheem safeguard his people and friends from raging bull in Dholakpur. A nine year old boy who is assumed to be brave and mightiest in character is always portrayed to fight with animals and people who are bad in character in order to prove his bravity and strength. There are four episodes which contains no significant moral values at the end. An another episode reinforce the value of helping people at the right time. Bheem helped his friend Raju who had left alone in the forest from the attack of dangerous snake and the Lion. The perceived moral of the story at the end is timely help is always appreciable. Similarly Bheem is portrayed as brave by defeating the fellow competitor called Hercules in the competition. The patriotic value has shown through his behavior at the end of the episode. This could make our children who are watching this program may have an attitude towards protecting nations fame is our responsibility when anything comes to damage our nations image that is known as patriotism. Raju admired the magical session done by the great magiciaan Jadugar. After he left, Raju found the magic wand at floor. He used it for play as his own. He changed his frends in to fruits and animals by telling wrong magic codes. Finally he was seeking the help of Jadugar uncle and realised them from the magic spell.This reinforce the value of not to interfere anything with out knowing what it is?. Bheem was tring to help the flying horse which is kidnapped by kalia.By releasing them from the custody of kalia, he proved his kindness towards animals. The story emphasizes that we should love animals. Bheem and his friends were started searching Rajus father who is abondoned during war. Bheem and his friends are searching him together and finding him out after a long journey. The story emphasizes unity is strength. A most aggressive chrocodile tries to attack the people at dholakpur. After a long try by others, Bheem recalls the old saying that is before you fight understand the strengthes and weakness of your enemy. Finally he planned accordingly and defeated the wild chrocodile. Kalia and his rowdy uncle from mumbai are planned unethical ways to win Bheem. Bheem and his friends finding their silly techniques and teaching them a lesson. This part of story signifies You will get it accordingly what do you do. Bheem and his friends are finding a cave which consists plenty of gold. Though their friends are interseted in gold, he adviced them not to take it and it belongs to the people of dholakpur. This segment contains significant moral at the end of the story that is selflessness makes a man perfect. Bheem and his friends proving once again by defeating his enemy mangal singh and saved the life of princess by giving rare medicinal plant. He reinforce the value that saving life is precious than getting reward. King Indravarma deceive himself by helping pirates to get in to their boat. Bheem released them from the pirates at the end. The episode promotes the moral such as it is not always wise to take people at their word. In the same way Bheem release the sea princess from kalia who brought her under the custody for making money. The moral represent not to exploit others. Bheem and his friends combinely running a street show to earn money in order to release his cousins father from jail. The value of this segment is honesty beats poverty. Bheem trying to release his princess from the evil power. He struggles a lot to release her and finally he won. The moral denotes A person who shares the danger ought to get the reward. Kalia misuses the magic broom and tries to harm Bheem and others, but he got punishment from the witch who has left her magicbroom at Dholakpur. Similarly Bheem reveals the truth from the cheating guy called Nutwar Lal and the dishonest prime minister of dholakpur by his intelligence. There are four episodes are emphasizing the same moral such as Harm seek, harm find. Kalia and his followers Dholu and Bholu use the time machine for their own purposes. They feel ashamed when it is not belongs to them. This segment denote the value such as false confidence often leads in to danger. Bheem and his friends use their intelligence to defeat an un indentified object which comes from the sea in an episode. The moral of the story is Presence of mind shows the way to success. Bheem overcome the issue of magic seed by taking advice of the elders. Bheem obeys elders words and solve the problem accordingly. Listening to elders advice never fails is the moral of the story at the end. Bheem was searching for a solution to win against magic giant. After long try he defeated him. The moral of the story is every problem has a solution. Among all the episodes, there are three episodes have reinforced the value such as an act of kindness is a good investment. Bheem and his friends reveals the the truth behind the cheating fellow who hides inside the tree and makes the public to believe as it is a talking tree. Finally his team members bringing him in to the king. Through this they teach us we do not believe on superstitious things. Bheem and his friends tries to change the mindset of a selffish wood cutter. He is emphasising the value

Crusades Essay -- essays research papers

In 109 The First Crusade was launched by Christians with the support of the Roman Catholic Church in hopes of recapturing Jerusalem from the Muslims. The Crusades arose out of feudal society in the eleventh century, offering crusaders freedom adventure and a possible economic gain. Pope Urban II gave a speech to the church leaders and nobles in France, telling them to rescue their fellow Christians from the Muslims. He promised them everlasting life in heaven if they went. The Crusades weren’t started for no apparent reason, their were many causes of the first crusade and many effects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The crusades were mainly directed to Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulcher.(West 5) Jerusalem was taken by the caliph Umar in the 7th century, and early in the 11th century Fatmid caliph Hakim began to persecute the Christians and despoil the Holy Sepulcher. (Colombia 1) In 1004 the caliph Cairo of Cairo ordered the destruction of the church and Holy Sepulcher, but son after he proclaimed himself to be god, and the Muslims got ride of him, the Greek emperor was permitted to rebuild the Holy Sepulcher.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new spirit of adventure in the art, literature and actions of the western Europeans became a cause for the increase of pilgrimages to the holy lands. Europe was in a period of expansion and its urge for war and conquest had grown during the years of fending off the raids of the Magyars, Viking and Saracens. The spirit of religious reform that led to the Investiture Controversy led to an increase in popular spirituality. People now wanted to participate actively and do something in honor of their god.(Nelson 1) The different groups of European society contributed to the cause of the crusades. The aristocracy found themselves losing the importance they once had when they stood between Europe and its attacker. They needed more land and started to fight with each other over it, their numbers were growing because there we no longer losses in battles.( Nelson 1) In 1054 the Church split into eastern and western organizations and the popes wanted to heal that split. They were also involved in the Investiture Controversy and were looking for allies. Middle classes knew they could become rich by cutting out of the Byzantines and taking the profits for themselves that byzantine merchants had been making on trade with them.(Nel... ...utman 3) The combination of these cultures resulted in the invention of the windmill, the compass, gunpowder, and clocks. The Pope saw the Crusades as a way to assert Church influence as a unifying force, with was as a religious mission. This was a new attitude to religion and it brought religious discipline, previously applicable to monks, to soldiery. Muslim architects began to imitate the European pointed arch, and Europeans learned Greek medicine from the Muslims. They also learned military techniques from one another. As a result of learning new military strategies and uniting themselves against one cause, the Muslims developed a stronger religious nation, which also helped the decline of feudalism and the Byzantine empire. The First Crusade was the only crusade that achieved more than temporary results and is the only crusade to ultimately succeed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

country status :: essays research papers

stThe Status of your Country as of 02/07/2002 Country Name   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dsgsg (#6647)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tyranny Turns Left Turns Taken Turns Stored Rank NetWorth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 1202 0 10,524 $42,943  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Money Food Oil Population Land Per Capita Income  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $898 1352 bushels 11,142 barrels 1586 287 Acres $5.71  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tax Rate Taxes Expenses Food Production Food Consumption  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  70% $6340 $2299 70 bushels 36 bushels Expense Breakdown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Military Alliances Land  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $884 $170 $1245 Land Distribution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Military Forces   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology Ratings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enterprise Zones Residences Industrial Complexes Military Bases Research Labs Farms Oil Rigs Construction Sites Unused Lands   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 8 84 0 0 0 5 0 172   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spies Troops Jets Turrets Tanks Nuclear Missiles Chemical Missiles Cruise Missiles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  33 181 0 0 1683 0 0 0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Military Medical Business Residential Agricultural Warfare Military Strategy Weapons Industrial Spy SDI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 1971 6 1320 36 7706 0 0 0 30 0 Plague spreads throughout your lands! Kuszcotopia (4166) Instumentality of Ma (12842) dsgsg (6647) bibibibibibibii (8546) Communist Russia (3733) Greetings. I am General Ruby, leader of the Emerald army. It seems our two nations are locked in battle, I have a proposal that may interest you. This war we are engaged in does seem like a pointless one. I believe that in the end, both countries will lose more than won but only one will survive and I sware by the sword of Amethyst, I shall be the victor. So my proposal is we call a truse immidiatly, if this happens, I shall call off my allies and you shall do the same, however you will pay me 10% of your net profit and my ally assissting in this battle shall recieve 5%. If you do not agree to these terms and are persistant in your attacks, then I shall call in more allies, who are greater in number and much more powerfull then I and you. I shall defeat you at all costs, I swear by the sword of Amethyst. Yours sincerely, General Ruby - Leader of the Emerald Army

Computer Protection and Maintainance Report Essay

I hope you have received the machine in good working order. Now that you have the machines, there are several pieces of ‘Utility Software’ that should be installed on your machine in order to assist with the smooth running and protection of the machine. There are four main categories for this Protection Virus To protect the computer from malicious software that can break the machine. Firewall To prevent hackers and malicious programs making internet connections for bad purposes. Clean-up tools These provide no protection; however they remove unnecessary files and registry entries. They can also remove spy ware sometimes. Disk Formatting These tools are useful only when formatting the disk drive. This doesn’t normally need to be done, unless there is a severe problem with the OS. There are several programs that fit in each category, and there are advantages and disadvantages to each application. These can include Cost, Resource Footprint and usability. Sometimes the free utilities can also be the best ones. All vary, some are awful and some are brilliant. Hopefully this email should outline which ones are best for the system, and which ones I would recommend. Virus Protection Virus Protection scanners, go through three places to find virii. HDD – Looks at every file on the disc. Memory – Scans the currently running memory to see if a virus is running now Behaviour – Scans both the memory and hard drive for suspicious well known behaviour and – patterns that suggest malicious software Software Suggestions GRISOFT – AVG 1. Completely Free 10/10 2. Anti-Virus & Anti-Spy ware Protection 8/10 3. Slow Virus Search -3/10 4. Simple Interface 5/10 5. Medium Power Footprint 5/10 Total Score = 25/50 Very popular solution, highly recommended- will DEFINITELY PROTECT the machine from viruses and spy ware. But is a drain on resources and takes a long time to scan for threats. NOD32 Anti-Virus 1. Costs per year à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½29.95 (for updates + strong protection) 5/10 2. Antivirus Only 7/10 3. Regular Virii search speed 5/10 4. Tricky interface – set and forget style. 3/10 5. LOW power footprint 10/10 Total Score 30/50 Not so well known but very powerful anti virus system. Will DEFINITELY protect the machine from virii. Will not drain system resources too much and does quick scanning. The only real issues are the lack of Spy ware protection and the expensive price plans. Firewall Protection Firewalls control inbound and outbound traffic on either a network or an individual machine. This can be achieved by either software or hardware. Software is best for your situation. Software Suggestions Windows Firewall 1. Costs Nothing (other than buying windows [which is pre installed]) 10/10 2. Inbound Protection Only 4/10 3. Minimal Interface- set and forget style (with occasional alerts) 4/10 4. LOW power foot print 9/10 Total Score 27/40 The windows firewall is an effective and quite protective measure for securing a windows machine although it only has INBOUND protection, so if a virus is transmitting bad data, the WINDOWS firewall will not protect you. ZoneAlarm Firewall 1. The Free Version is FREE (although a pro version can be bought) 10/10 2. Inbound + Outbound Protection Alerts for each program 9/10 3. Complicated, but comprehensive interface (STOP BUTTON) 6/10 4. HIGH power footprint 4/10 Total Score 29/40 Zone Alarm- Firewall Specialists for a long time. Will protect both ways and will request permissions for every program it does not recognise. I highly recommend this software as it provides strong and reliable protection. Clean Up Tools Registry Doctor 1. This software costs money (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½17.50) 3/10 2. This software fixes registry errors, backs up the system, and adjusts the registry for speed. 7/10 (the adjusting could be dangerous) 3. Power hungry – will take a lot of resources when operational. 4/10 4. Click and GO! Interface, although the system is complicated when It comes to advanced settings. 5/10 Total Score 19/40 Registry doctor – A often occurrence, simply because of the constant advertising everywhere. This software is a suitable enough solution for most people however I believe it has spy ware built into it, and would not recommend it. Quicksys RegDefrag 1. This software is freeware 10/10 2. This software is a registry defragmenter- it will only optimise it. 4/10 3. Will take little resources, runs in the background (like the vista defrag)6/10 4. Set and Forget interface, no real options and hides during operation 8/10 Total Score 28/40 Quicksys RegDefrag is a simple set and forget registry defragmenter and streamliner. I believe this is the better option, as it will pick up redundant keys as it goes however a lack of options somewhat limits this software. Disk Formatting Darik’s Boot and Nuke (â€Å"DBAN†) 1. This software is Free 10/10 2. This software will overwrite the Hard Drive with ZEROS however many times you ask it to. 8/10 3. The computer is busy during the Disk Format (low level physical format)3/10 4. Set and forget – it can take sometime. Limited options 5/10 Total Score 26/40 DBAN- it’s a popular and useful tool. It simply erases your hard drive at a low level. It is loud, and you cannot use your OS at the same time- It is a simple FREE, but has limited options. Windows formatting tool 1. This software is free with windows. 8/10 2. The software will perform a high level software format. 5/10 3. You can only format a drive that windows isn’t using. 3/10 4. You can format a drive to any FS type provided the disk supports it. 7/10 Total Score 23/40 Windows formatting tool isn’t very powerful, is noisy if formatting a hard drive, and is very slow. Although if doing a quick format it will be a bit quicker. You can use your OS, but incredibly slowly. Conclusion Based on the above statistics I would recommend this software: * NOD32 Anti Virus * Zone-Alarm PRO Firewall * QuickSys Reg De-Frag * DBAN – Boot and Nuke I have done my best to always provide a free alternative, but it will not always be the best option. You should make your own decision based, on the facts above, and the software manufacturer’s website. I put my faith into EVERY product I have mentioned. I hope this email will help you to decide what you need to use to make the computer you will shortly be receiving, the best machine for miles around!.